Oral disease, disorders, oral flora and fauna, bacteria, viruses, fungi, candida albicans-the role of micro organisms Flashcards
What are external factors
2 example
External factors- something from outside the body
bacteria, virus, toxins, malnutrition, parasites, radiation
What are Internal factors
internal body system e.g. genetic diseases/defects, cancers
Properties Prokaryotes
.No organised nucleus, no nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material
•Have tiny flagella
•Need energy
•An external factor
•Smallest organism capable of growing and reproducing independently
Properties of Bacteria
•Most bacteria live in or on their food
•Produce and release enzymes which digest food outside the cell
•Bacteria then reabsorb liquid products of digestion
•This is saprophytic nutrition
•Can be useful and harmless
•Can be harmful – pathogens
What are the 3 types of Bacteria
1.Bacilli (rod-shaped)
2.Cocci (spherical)
3.Spirilli (helical)
Examples of harmful bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes- causes tonsillitis, strep throat and scarlet fever
Streptococcus
Streptococcus mutans- bacteria present in plaque and the main causative organism of dental caries
Streptococci make up a large amount of the microorganisms in the mouth
Treatment of bacterial infections
Vaccinations- a preventative medicine that are always specific to a particular bacterial disease. There is no single vaccine for all bacteria
•Antibiotics- a treatment for an active bacterial infection e.g. penicillin.
Many different types of antibiotic, the correct choice depending on the bacterial disease.
Broad spectrum antibiotics are used when the exact bacteria is not identified
Treatment of bacterial infections
Antibiotics are used with in the body to attack bacteria
Factors of VIRUSES
Smallest life form existing
•Not even a single cell. A tiny part of a cell
•Are smaller than bacteria
•Consist mainly of strand like RNA
•Cannot survive without a host cell
•Are infectious microbes
•Are not alive (in the sense that they do not feed, generate energy or waste)
Vaccinations against viruses
Successful vaccines against viruses include smallpox, chicken pox, measles, mumps, rubella
•Virus vaccines teach the body’s immune system how to recognise virus infected cells
Fungi factors
Fungal conditions in humans are rarely harmful, unless there is a severely weakened immune system
•Fungi are normally kept in check by the balance and competition with harmless bacteria
•Antibiotics kill these bacteria which can allow the fungus to grow rapidly and produce disease symptoms
Treatment for fungi
Anti fungal creams
•Anti fungal pills
How to Control of transfer of microorganisms
Cross infection:
•Transfer of microorganisms from a person/object to another person that results in infection
Cross contamination:
•Transfer of microorganisms from a person or object to another person that may or may not result in infection
Control of transfer of microorganisms
Infection control procedures:
•Prevent cross contamination that could result in infection
•It is impossible to know the infectious status of patients
•Therefore universal precautions should result in universal infection control
