Studies Flashcards
Describe Labovs New York Study ποΈ 4οΈβ£
1) Went to diff supermarkets marked by class πͺ
2) Looked at item on fourth floor
2) Asked staff to see where he could find said item, where they would say the βfourth floorβ
3) Then asked them to repeat it
% of βRβ pronunciation π across all
ESPECIALLY in lower middle class where π° even more than upper
WHAT was Labov trying to find in his study?
Whether the pronunciation of βRβ sound π° CHANGED depending on class π₯
WHAT did the results show in Labovs New York study? 3οΈβ£
1) The βRβ pronunciation DID changed dependent on class [β¬οΈ = βRβ β¬οΈ = β]
2) Most people associated the βrightβ pronunciation with the upper classes pronunciation ( β R)
3) The lower middle class HYPER CORRECTED, probably to emulate upper mid class
β> over-prod R sound
What is it called when you pronounce the R sound?
Rhotic pronunciation
WHICH 2οΈβ£ variables did Trudgill ποΈ at? lπ«±π»βπ«²πΎπ§πΏββοΈπ§πΏββοΈπ§πΏββοΈπΆββοΈ
1) Subject-verb agreement w/t 3οΈβ£rd π§πΏββοΈ singular [*βShe sayβ vs βShe saysβ]
2) Pronunciation of -ing ending [βwalkinβ vs βwalkingβ]
WHAT were the 5οΈβ£ definitive social classes Trudgill used? βπΎπ
1) Middle Middle Class (MMC)
2) Lower Middle Class (LMC)
3) Upper Working Class (UWC)
4) Middle Working Class (MWC)
5) Lower Working Class (LWC)
What did Trudgill look for in his Norwich studyβ1οΈβ£βοΈ2οΈβ£βοΈ3οΈβ£βοΈ
Looked at how frequently informants used non-standard English β by making diff scenarios
Define INFORMANT in research + example ππ«
A person that shares knowledge with a researcher from an Insider POV
(e.g. KEY informant = person selected as primary link between naive researcher and cultural group studied)
RESULTS of Trudgills Norwich study β3οΈβ£ π₯π₯π€£π©ββ€οΈβπ¨
1) π₯ of β¬οΈ Class π° βββ β NON Standard forms
VS
π₯ of β¬οΈ class π°βββ β
Standard forms
2) π₯ use βββ Standard Lang forms when feel like theyβre being scrutinised [e.g. interviews]
AND
βββ β NON Standard forms when [e.g telling funny story]
3) MEN π΅ π°βββ likely to use β NON Standard forms of Eng than WOMEN π©· regardless of Social class π¬
WHAT is the reasoning for the gender results in Trudgills Norwich studyβπ π΅Β»π©·
β NON standard English Language features π° βββ widely accepted π€π€/celebrated π for MEN than WOMEN
WHAT did the results of the gender aspect of Trudgills Norwich study reveal about gender roles? π©βπ³ποΈ
Showed SIGNIFICANT influence of gender roles in society
women expectation π° βproperβ/βwell manneredβ ππ
CRITICISM on Trudgills Norwich Studyβπ§π
He β acknowledge conscious π§ linguistic choices of subjs
E.G.
convergence/identityπ«΅πΎ/integration with community π₯π₯
WHEN was Trudgills Norwich studyβ
1960s - 70s