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Theriogenology > Reproductive Failur & Emergencies In Swine > Flashcards

Reproductive Failur & Emergencies In Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Most common reproductive failure in commercial farms

A

Failure to conceive

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2
Q

Most common reasons for culling

A
  • no pregnancy
  • too little piglets weaned
  • no estrus
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3
Q

Proposed & true culling rate

A
  • 40%
  • true: 35%
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4
Q

Female signs of reproductive failure

A
  • anestrus in post-weaning sows
  • reg. & irreg. Return in heat
  • no preg.
  • abortion
  • peripartum difficulties
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5
Q

Male related signs of repro. Failure

A
  • older than 4 yrs
  • systemic diseases
  • genetics
  • szn/temp.
  • # of matings
  • azoospermia/oligospermia (lack of & little sperm)
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6
Q

Shared signs of reproductive failure

A
  • repeat breeding
  • few piglets per litter
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7
Q

Prolonged weaning to estrus interval

A
  • bad b/c should only be 5-6 days
  • primiparous in summertime
  • 95% in heat within 7 days of weaning
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8
Q

Silent heat is caused by

A
  • using immature boar

(Is failure to detect heat)

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9
Q

Cystic ovarian disorders

A
  • nymphomania (sows attract other sows)
  • cystic ovarian follicles
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10
Q

Endometritis in sows

A
  • long to dx
  • prevention is best
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11
Q

Etiologies for reproductive failures

A
  • anatomical abnormality
  • trauma to genital tract (fighting)
  • musculoskeletal issues (Osteochondrosis)
  • systemic diseases
  • toxin ingestion (mycoses, aflatoxins, fumonisin, zearalenone)
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12
Q

Most common reproductive toxin in pigs

A

Zearalenone

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13
Q

Zearalenone in pigs

A
  • fusarium graninerarum & F. Culmorum
  • affects corn, wheat, sorghum, barley, and rye
  • mold germinates @ moistue greater than 20% and temps 65-85 degrees f.
  • increased estrogenic effect
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14
Q

Acute signs of zearalenone tox.

A
  • vulvovaginitis
  • vulva reddening
  • vulva swelling
  • ceased embryo development
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15
Q

Chronic signs of zearalenone tox.

A
  • irreg. Estrus cycl
  • reduced piglet birth size
  • vaginal or rectal prolapse
  • increase # mummies (IMPORTANT)
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16
Q

Signs of zearalenone tox in boars

A

Enlargement of mammary gland & testicular atrophy

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17
Q

Most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes boars t have litter sizes less than 8 piglets

A

Reciprocal translocations

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18
Q

Reciprocal translocations

A
  • occur between chromosomes 1 & 6
  • breeds: large white, swedish large white, gasconne
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19
Q

Penile injures and incidence

A
  • necrotized glans penis
  • 64-94.9% incidence in farm boars, not barrows
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20
Q

Infectious diseases usually cause

A

Abortion

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21
Q

Clinical signs of parvo

A
  • infection at less than 30 days
  • infection between 30-70 days -> mummification
  • early embryonic resorption
  • decreased litter size
22
Q

Dx & comments about parvo

A
  • IFAT on mummy lungs
  • occurs more in gilts
  • endemic and inapparent
23
Q

Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome caused by

A

Arterivirus

24
Q

Clinical signs of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome

A
  • late gestation abortion
  • stillbirth
  • premature farrowing
  • squeaker piglets
  • respiratory symptoms in dam
  • improvement in repro production after 3-5 mos
25
Q

Comments and dx for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

A
  • PCR on serum from acutely ill sows or fluids from aborted piglets
  • serology on convalescent ows
  • ID virus in fixed/fresh tissues of acutely infected neonates
26
Q

Etiologic agent of most common type of leptospirosis

A

Leptospira pomona

27
Q

Clinical signs of leptospirosis

A
  • initial: abortions & stillbirths in late pregnancy
  • weak piglets that can die within a few days
28
Q

Dx and comments abt leptospirosis

A
  • after 1 failure, dams breed normally
  • focal nephritis and hepatitis may be seen in fetuses or older swine
  • dx: herd serology, IFAT, or PCR on fetal tissues
29
Q

Etiologic agent for pseudorabies

A

Herpesvirus

30
Q

Clinical signs of pseudorabies

A
  • initially: CNS signs, abortion, resp signs
  • piglets: CNS signs or sudden death
  • immune sows= no signs
  • high mortality
31
Q

Dx and comments about pseudorabies

A
  • if endemic, repro signs less common than CNS or resp. Signs
  • dx: serology, viral isolation, IHC, PCR
  • eradicated in US since ‘04
32
Q

Porcine circovirus type 2 etiologic agent

A

Family cirocviridae

33
Q

Clinical signs of porcine circovirus type 2

A
  • myoclonia congenita
  • sporadic outbreaks of fetal death &/or mummification
34
Q

Dx and comments abt porcine circovirus type 2

A
  • dx: PCR in serum of pre-suckle piglets w/ myoclonia congenita
  • detected in hearts of aborted or mummies
35
Q

Brucellosis etiologic agent & signs

A
  • brucella suis
  • infertility common
  • any type of repro failures
  • abortions any time
  • adults: lameness or paralysis
  • old boars: orchitis
36
Q

Dx and comments about brucellosis

A
  • near eradication in US
  • ZOONOTIC
  • Dx: serologic tests
37
Q

Non infectious causes of abortion

A
  • szn, nutrition, environment, mgmt, congenital abnormalities, systemic diseases
38
Q

Clin signs of farrowinf fevercomplex

A
  • hard, painful udder
  • slow birth
  • constipation
  • failure to pass placenta
  • anorexia
  • pyrexia
39
Q

Tx for farrowing fever complex

A
  • remove dead piglets & placenta
  • abx
  • NSAIDs
  • Oxytocin
40
Q

Post-partum issues

A
  • metritis, mastitis, agalactica
  • savaging
  • anorexia
  • constipation
  • downer sow syndrome (fractures during birth/lameness)
  • uterine/vaginal/rectal prolapse
41
Q

Hypogalactica common causes:

A
  • infectious causes
  • hormonal imbalance
  • poor nutrition
  • mold
  • toxins
  • temperature
42
Q

Agalactica is ______ while hypoglactica is ______

A
  • uncommon; common
43
Q

Neonatal care

A
  • first 72 hrs: over 1/2 pre-weaning deaths occur
  • lose body heat fast (102-104 degrees F is normal)
  • make sure dry and warm
  • newborns should stand 1-2 mins
  • suckle within 15 mins
44
Q

Prolonged parturition

A
  • common in older sows

-piglets-> hypoxic

  • sign: brownish-yellow stain from feces due to stress from long birth
45
Q

Factors that cause prolonged parturition

A
  • age
  • access to food and water
  • body weight of sow
  • comfy environment
  • calm area for farrowing
46
Q

Colostrum

A
  • give within 1st hour of birth
  • IgG drops 50% in first hr
  • split suckling (after largest piglets nurse, remove them and place in heated box for 1-2 hrs)
47
Q

Stomach tubing

A

Give 10-15 mL to smaller piglets w/ stomach tube

(In right spot if they cry and swallow)

48
Q

Collecting colostrum

A
  • remove piglets from sow for hr
  • give sow oxytocin
49
Q

Splay legged piglets

A
  • hind ligaments are relaxed
  • cull if cant walk after 3 days
  • tx: exercise and belt/brace
50
Q

5 top causes of neonatal death

A
  • stillbirth
  • trauma
  • chilling
  • starvation
  • diarrhea

Theriogenology (7 decks)

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