Plant Diversity Flashcards
Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the “embryophytes”?
a) Bryophyta
b) Viridiplantae
c) Plantae
d) Pterophyta
e) Charophycae
c) Plantae
Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to successfully colonize land?
1) the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2)the relative number of competitors
3) the relative availability of symbiotic partners
4) air’s relative lack of support, compared to water’s support
a) 1 and 2
b) 1, 2, and 4
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, and 3
e) 2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to…
a) charophytes
b) flowering plants
c) gymnosperms
d) ferns
e) mosses
d) ferns
At some time during their existence, bryophytes may feature
a) umbilical cells
b) microphylls
c) true roots
d) sporangia
e) true leaves
d) sporangia
If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it
a) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ
b) is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female
c) belongs to a species that is homosporous
d) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation
e) must be diploid
c) belongs to a species that is homosporous
What is a key difference between spores and seeds?
a) spores disperse far distances; seeds are larger and disperse shorter distances
b) spores are multicellular reproductive structures; seeds are unicellular embryos
c) Spores are adapted to mild climates; seeds can withstand dry and cold conditions
d) spores have stored nutrients; seeds do not
e) Spores are single-celled reproductive structures; seeds are multicellular embryos
e) spores are single-celled reproductive structures; seeds are multicellular embryos
Beginning with the germination of a moss spore, what is the sequence of structures that develop after germination?
1) embryo
2) gametes
3) sporophyte
4) protonema
5) gametophore
a) 4 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 1
b) 3 - 1 - 4 - 5 - 2
c) 3 - 4 - 5 - 2 - 1
d) 4 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 2
e) 4 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 3
e) 4 - 5 - 2 - 1 - 3
Which of the following structures are in the gametophyte generation of a moss?
a) egg, sperm, zygote, sporangium
b) buds, leaves, spores, rhizoids
c) antheridia, archegonia, egg, sperm
d) foot, seta, spores, sporangium
c) antheridia, archegonia, egg, sperm
In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a…
a) fern sporophyte
b) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia
c) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia
d) hermaphroditic fern gametophyte
e) moss sporophyte
c) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia
Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?
a) pollen
b) triploid endosperm
c) fruits
d) nonfertile flower parts
e) carpels
a) pollen
Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit?
a) ovule
b) stigma
c) micropyle
d) style
e) ovary
e) ovary
Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a) ovary
b) anthers
c) carpel
d) stigma
e) ovule
e) ovule
Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?
a) fruit
b) ovary
c) stamen
d) ovule
d) ovule
Which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?
a) ability to be dispersed
b) an internal reservoir of liquid water
c) integument(s)
d) waxy cuticle
e) a different type of sporopollenin
c) integument(s)
Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?
a) the gametophyte generation is dominant
b) the sporophyte generation is no photosynthetic
c) the flower includes sporophyte tissue
d) the gametophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant
e) the sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower
c) the flower includes sporophyte tissue
A gymnosperm seed consists of a…
a) megasporangium and food supply
b) sporophyte embryo, food supply, protective seed coat
c) pollen grain and micropyle
d) sporophyte embryo and protective seed coat
e) megasporagium and integument
b) sporophyte embryo, food supply, protective seed coat
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a) interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)
b) stroma of the chloroplast
c) thylakoid membrane
d) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
e) outer membrane of the chloroplast
b) stroma of the chloroplast
Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants
a) grow better under cool, moist conditions
b) do not use rubisco for carbon fixation
c) have higher rates of photorespiration
d) make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria
e) can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations
e) can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations
Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generation cycle of a fern?
a) gametophyte-dominant (n) life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (2n)
b) sporophyte-dominant (n) life cycle where 2 spores fuse to produce the zygote (2n)
c) gametophyte-dominant (2n) life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (n)
d) sporophyte-dominant (2n) life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic gametophytes (n)
d) sporophyte-dominant (2n) life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic gametophytes (n)
A student encounters a pondweed which, judging from its appearance, seems to be a charophyte. She brings a sample back to her biology lab. Using only a compound light microscope to study the sample, which of the following features should help her to determine whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga?
1. molecular structure of enzymes inside peroxisomes
2. structure of sperm cells
3. presence of phragmoplasts
4. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
a) 2, 3, and 4
b) 1 and 4
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 3, and 4
e) 2 and 3
a) 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following statements is true for archegonia?
a) They are the sites where male gametes are produced
b) They are the same as sporangia
c) They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos
d) They are asexual reproductive structures
e) They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads
c) They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos
Which of the following is true statement about plant reproduction?
a) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water
b) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia
c) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction
d) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another
e) Embryophytes are small because they are in an early developmental stage
b) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia
Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow, and considering these generations as individual plants, what is true of the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?
a) Sporophytes are commensalists of gametophytes
b) Sporophytes are mutualists of gametophytes
c) Sporophytes are endosymbionts of gametophytes
d) Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes
d) Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes
In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?
a) Bryophyta
b) Pterophyta and Bryophyta
c) horsetail (Equisetum)
d) Pterophyta, Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum)
e) Pterophyta
a) Bryophyta
The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to
a) comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in spore dispersal
b) reduce dehydration
c) provide nutrients to spores
d) make spores less dense and able to disperse more readily
e) repel toxic chemicals
b) reduce dehydration
What is true charophytes?
a) They are examples of seedless vascular plants
b) They share some features in common with land plants, namely spores surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations
c) They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants
d) They are ancestors of green algae
c) They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants
Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes?
a) immature ovules
b) pollen tubes
c) sepals
d) stamens
e) ovaries
b) pollen tubes
Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?
a) carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte
b) carpels consist of highly modified microsporangia
c) carpels consist of anther and stamen
d) carpels are features of the gametophyte generation
e) carpels are structures that directly produce male gametes
a) carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte