Chapters 13/40/

Question 1

myths about older adults

Answer 1

-are sick
-cannot learn new things
-too late to improve health
-genetics determine longevity
-not sexual
-drain on society
-senile
-usually live in nursing home
-poor
-unhappy

Question 2

immune system failure theory

Answer 2

System loses ability to protect the body from disease and becomes more susceptible to diseases that eventually kill us; older people become more susceptible to disease such as pneumonia.

Question 3

disengagement theory

Answer 3

ex: if an older adult who has heart disease may develop shortness of breath may be unable to continue daily walks with their friends. The older adult will develop less contact with their friends which may lead to fading friendships.

Question 4

2030

Answer 4

1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or over.

Question 5

2050

Answer 5

the worlds population of people aged 60 will double (2.1 billion)

Question 6

longevity

Answer 6

aged 80 years old

Question 7

age associated memory

Answer 7

-normal physical changes of aging
-begin occurring early in adulthood
-often goes unnoticed until a problem develops

Question 8

cardiovascular

Answer 8

-increased heart size, decreased cardiac output, less elastic blood vessels.

Question 9

Respiratory

Answer 9

-thickened alveolar walls, weakened respiratory muscles, decreased vital capacity.
-respiratory failure, sob, lack of o2 to meet body needs.

Question 9

musculoskeletal

Answer 9

-thinned intervertebral disks, decreased bone calcium, smaller muscle mass, less elastic ligaments and tendons
-osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, tendonitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 10

integumentary

Answer 10

-thinner, drier skin; loss of subcutaneous fat, slower rate of hair and nail growth
-pressure injuries, resulting from friction or shears

Question 11

urologic

Answer 11

-decreased bladder capacity and tone
-loss of nephrons, decreased sphincter control
-urinary incontinence

Question 12

neurologic

Answer 12

-presbyopia (farsightedness)
-cataracts; decreased peripheral vision
-presbycusis (age related hearing loss)
-decrease in touch, smell, and taste receptors; slowed reaction time; balance may be affected
-decreased sensory perceptions; safety risk, fall risk, and decreased appetite

Question 13

endocrine

Answer 13

-Slowed production of all hormones, decreased metabolic rate.
-delayed insulin response, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism

Question 14

gastrointestinal

Answer 14

-decreased secretion of saliva and other digestive enzymes, slowed peristalsis, slowed liver and pancreatic functions, reduced absorption of nutrients
-constipation, malnutrition, and anemia

Question 15

reproductive

Answer 15

-decreased hormone production; atrophy of ovaries, uterus and vagina; benign prostatic hypertrophy; slowed sexual responses.
-menopause, andropause, infertility, decreased libido, and sexual dysfunction.

Question 16

health concerns

Answer 16

-hypertension (most common)
-arthritis (second most common)
-heart disease (third most common)
-obesity (may contribute to arthritis and hypertension)
-anemia
-diabetes
-cancer
-malnutrition
-cirrhosis
-mental illness
-dementia (degeneration of brain tissue) (small percentage of older adults)

Question 17

biologic theories are based on cellular function and body physiology. Which biologic theory proposes that cells are damaged by toxins in the environment?

Answer 17

free radical theory

Question 18

most people older than age 75 have least one chronic health concern. Which is not a health concern of the older adult?

Answer 18

menopause

Question 19

Signs a person needs help

Answer 19

-neglected hygiene
-significant weightloss
-home neglect
-inappropriate behaviors
-frequent falls
-social isolation
-altered relationship patterns
-inability to find the right words
-unpaid bills
-confusion about meds
-making unusual purchases -

Question 20

five common physical care problems

Answer 20

1. impaired/alteration in mobility
2. Alteration in elimination- incontinent constipation, fecal impaction
3. alteration of nutrition- poorly fitting dentures
4. sensory deficits - cataract, tinnitus>a condition with constant ringing in the ear.
5. polypharmacy- use of multiple meds, otc drugs.

Question 21

decreased bone density

Answer 21

bone density test determines if you have osteoporosis-

Question 22

osteoporosis

Answer 22

brittle bone and fragile bone

Question 23

osteopenia

Answer 23

bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, hallmark of osteoporosis.

Question 24

what nursing interventions are education could a nurse provide a patient with impaired mobility?

Answer 24

-proper meds
-provide exercise
-provide group walks
-provide mini-teaching seminars
-report problems to physician

Question 25

nursing interventions: promotion of mobility

Answer 25

isometric exercises are exercises that involve the contraction of muscles without any movement in the surrounding joints.

Question 26

Wht nursing interventions or education could a nurse provide a patient who has urinary incontinence?

Answer 26

-bladder retraining- restore pattern
-prompted voiding- teaching patient to be aware of toileting needs and request assistancefrom CG
-habit

Question 27

problem: constipation

Answer 27

signs and symptoms: abdominal cramping, rectal pain, abdominal distention, the passing of small amounts of liquid stool and loss of appetite

Question 28

vision deficit:

Answer 28

the use of meds, surgery and prosthetic devices> measures to enhance vision.