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Unit 4 Health And Social > LO3 > Flashcards

LO3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the buccal cavity?

A

Is it the mouth, food is chewed/ broken down. Also known as the oral cavity

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2
Q

What is the salivary glands?

A

Produces saliva, helps moisten food and makes it easier to swallow

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3
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Is a flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue , which covers the opening of the windpipe when swallowing food

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4
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

A muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Foods moves down through the oesophagus to the stomach.
-peristalsis , a squeezing action by the muscles , helps food moves down to the stomach.

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5
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Is a sac (bag) with muscular walls that churn the food to break it up. It produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest food.

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6
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

-small intestine is in the duodenum.
-food is partially digested by the stomach and is called chyme, and is chemically altered by fluids from the liver and the by the bile from the pancreas.
-the duodenum is lined with the villi that increase the surface area and help absorption of nutrients into the blood stream.

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7
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

Reabsorbs fluids and processes waste products in preparation for elimination from the body.

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8
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Nutrients are broken down by enzymes to smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the blood and used by cells.
- stomach mixes food with enzymes and hydrochloric acid while churning it.

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9
Q

What is pepsins function and what is the site of action

A

Pepsins Function- breaks down large protein molecules into smaller polypeptides.
Site of action- stomach

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10
Q

What is amylase function and site of action

A

Amylase function- breaks down starch into maltose
Site of action- buccal cavity and duodenum

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11
Q

What is protease function and site of action?

A

Protease function - breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids.
Site of action- duodenum

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12
Q

What is the lipases function and site of action

A

Function- breaks down fat into glycerol
Site of action- duodenum

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13
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Food is physically broken down to make it smaller. Whether that be :
-chewing action- in the buccal cavity
-stomach- churns the food to break it down
- small intestine- the bile emulsifies lipids into fats, which helps with the mechanical digestion of fats

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14
Q

What is needed for emulsification

A

Bile

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15
Q

Emulsification happens by…

A

The bile sack break fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

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16
Q

Why does emulsification need to happen?

A

So soluble fat molecules can be broken down into fatty acids so that they can be aborbed into the blood.

17
Q

What is the digestion role of pancreatic juice

A
  • the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine in pancreatic juice
  • released into the duodenum
  • help the body digest fats.
18
Q

Digestive role of the bile

A
  • bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver.
  • helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstreams
  • stored in the gallbladder until the body needs it to digest fat.
    -enters the small intestine through the bile duct.
  • bile emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.
19
Q

What is absorption

A

-Absorption refers to how the nutrients extracted from are absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestine.
-villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine wall to enable efficient absorption.

20
Q

Structure of the digestive system order

A

BIG - buccal cavity
ELEPHANTS- epiglottis
OFTEN- oesophagus
START- stomach
LOVING - liver
GOOD - gall bladder and duct
PARTIES- pancreas and duct
DANCING - duodenum
IN - ileum
LARGE - large intestine
ROOMS- rectum and anus

21
Q

What is the role of liver in assimilation?

A
  • the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body
    -where they are then used, so that they become part of those cells.
    -excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen to be stored or broken down though respiration, producing energy.
22
Q

What is IBS

A

Muscles in the intestine wall especially the colon after their normal rhythm - contract too quick or too slow, which results in constipation or diarrhoea.

23
Q

IBS symptoms and effects

A

Stomach cramps, diarrhoea, constipation.

24
Q

Causes of IBS

A

can be triggered by diet, alcohol , stress

25
Q

IBS treatment

A

Antibiotics, avoid triggers.

26
Q

IBS care needs

A

Dietician to change diet, emotional support to deal with symptoms

27
Q

IBS lifestyle impacts

A

-time off work due to symptoms/ regular hospital visits.
-specific/ restricted diet which can cause social or emotional effects.
-pain/ embarrassment of symptoms.

28
Q

What is coeliac disease

A

Mine system destroys the villi and microvilli of the ileum: results in reduced surface area so reduce absorption of nutrients

29
Q

Symptoms and affects of coeliac disease?

A

Diarrhoea, constipation, bloating/ flatulence.

30
Q

Lifestyle impacts of coeliac disease

A

Same as IBS

31
Q

What is gallstones

A

-Imbalance crystals form in the gall bladder
-turn into stones
-These can block the bile duct stopping bile flowing from the ball bladder to the duodenumz.
-This puts pressure on damages liver cells

32
Q

Symptoms and effects of gallstones

A

Abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of skin) , diarrhoea.

33
Q

Treatment of coliac disease

A

Steroids to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response, gluten free diet.

34
Q

Causes of gall stones

A

Imbalance of minerals and salts in the bile, risk factors could include females, overweight and IBS.

35
Q

Causes of coeliac disease

A

Autoimmune response to the gluten protein in wheat.

36
Q

Treatment of gallstones

A

Removal of gallbladder, medication

37
Q

Impact on lifestyle of gallstones

A

-Chronic pain cause effect work/ sleep/ emotional
-surgery- recovery time affect work
-restricted movement and breathing due to to pain.

Unit 4 Health And Social (12 decks)

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