Equilibria and acid-base reactions Flashcards
What is dynamic equilibrium?
The speed of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
How can the position of equilibrium effect the amount of reactants and products?
If the position over to the right - more products
Left - more reactants
What is the position of equilibrium?
How far the reactions have progressed before reaching equilibrium
When does equilibrium occur in a reaction?
At any stage
What does Le Chateliers Principle state?
When a change is made to the system in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift to minimise the change
Name some ways equilibrium will react when being changed ?
- Make it hotter = equilibrium will move in the direction to cool it
- Raise pressure = equilibrium moves in the direction to lower it
What happens when a catalyst is added to an equilibrium reaction?
- Nothing will change, it does not affect the position of equilibrium
- The forward and reverse reaction both speed up
What happens when a catalyst is added to a reversibly reaction?
Equilibrium is reached at a faster time
From the molecules present , how can you tell the pressure is higher on one side of the reaction?
- The more molecules = higher the pressure
From the energy change how can you tell which of the forward or reverse reaction is endo or exothermic?
A negative value will always show that the forward reaction i exothermic (Giving off heat therefore hotter )
What will happen if you increased the temperature ?
- Eqm position will shift to decrease the temperature
- By moving in the endothermic direction
- The position of equilibrium
What are the actual conditions for the reaction?
- 400-500 degrees
- 200 atm
- iron catalyst
The actual conditions are different from the predicted conditions, why?
Pressure - If any higher than 200 atm because if any higher, greater risk of explosion and cost of reinforcing apparatus
Temp - If the temp is too low the rate is too slow, increase the rate of reaction
- Catalyst - increase the rate of reaction
How can a stable state of equilibrum be attained?
In a closed system e.g a sealed container
What is the equilibrium constant (Kc) showing?
Measures of how far the reaction has progressed before equilibrium is reached
