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YR 3 - CSB > ANATOMY - TMJ > Flashcards

ANATOMY - TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

masseter
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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2
Q

what is the masseter responsible for?

A
  • elevation of the mandible
  • protrude the mandible
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3
Q

roles of the temporalis

A
  • anterior fibres elevate mandible
  • posterior fibres retract mandible
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4
Q

2 components of the lateral pteryoid

A
  • superior head
  • inferior head
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5
Q

what is the role of the superior lateral pteryoid?

A

pull the capsule and disc forward during mouth opening

stabilises condyle during chewing

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6
Q

what is the role of the inferior lateral pteryoid?

A

depresses and protrude mandible
allows rotation of mandible

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7
Q

where is the medial pteryoid

A

sits deep to the masseter

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8
Q

role of the medial pteryoid?

A
  • elevates the mandible
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9
Q

what bone do the muscles of mastication attach to? describe the different bones and where they are

A

sphenoid bone

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10
Q

describe the sphenoid bone and its components

A
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11
Q

what bone does the lateral pytergoid attach to?

A

sphenoid bone:

  • lateral surface of lateral plate
  • greater wing
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12
Q

what bone does the medial pytergoid attach to?

A

sphenoid bone:
-posterior surface of lateral plate

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13
Q

what is the structure of the TMJ?

A

the condyle of the mandible
- sits in mandibular fossa
- of temporal bone

  • the joint capsule allows it to be synovial - keeps fluid in
  • articular disc - allow movement without bone on bone contact
  • articular tubercule - bony growth pushes the disc
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14
Q

what separates the TMJ into superior and inferior cavities?

A

articulator disc

  • mandibular fossa
  • articulator disc
  • condyle
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15
Q

how can the TMJ move?

A

rotate
depress
elevate
protrusion
retraction
translational - everything moves at the same time

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16
Q

what movement happens within the inferior TMJ cavity?

A

rotation

17
Q

what movement happens within the superior TMJ cavity?

A

protrusion-retraction movements
translation

18
Q

which ligaments support the TMJ?

A
  • joint capsule - contains synovial fluid and articular disc
  • lateral ligament - ‘TMJ ligament’

accessory ligaments
- sphenomandibular ligament
- stylomandibular ligament

19
Q

where does the joint capsule attach?

A

from temporal region superior and neck of mandible inferior ally

20
Q

describe the lateral ligament

A

has two parts
- inner horizontal fibres
- super oblique fibres

21
Q

what are the roles of the inner horizontal fibres - lateral ligament of TMJ?

A
  • prevent excessive posterior displacement
  • stops crushing of vascular tissue posterior to mandible
22
Q

are the inner horizontal fibres - lateral ligament strong?

A

the neck would litttterally break before these fibressss jheeze

23
Q

what are the roles of the outer oblique fibres - lateral ligament of TMJ.

A
  • pushes the condyle as mouth opens onto articular tubercle
  • limited stretch - prevent over-rotation
24
Q

what is the articular tubercule also known as?

A

articular eminence

25
Q

describe where they connect and the role of the accessory ligaments - sphenomandibular ligament (SML) and stylomandibular ligament (STML)

A

SML:
- from sphenoid to mandible
- support role of outer oblique fibres
- prevent excessive inferior displacement

STML:
- from styloid process to posterior ramus of mandible
- unclear function
- may limit excessive protrusion

26
Q

role of the articular disc.

A
27
Q

structure of the articular disc

A
  1. anterior capsular ligament - part of the joint capsule
  2. superior retrodiscal lamina - posterior and superior of the disc
    - elastic - to push disc forward
  3. inferior retrodiscal lamina - posterior and inferior of the disc
    - not elastic
  4. retrodiscal tissue
    - highly vascular
    - just posterior to disc
    - essential to joint integrity
  5. lateral and medial discal ligaments
    - keep the disc close to the condyle
  6. superior and inferior articular cavity
    - superior is larger
28
Q

how does the articulator disc move when opening and closing the mouth? 9 steps

A
  1. at rest
    - mandibular fossa, disc and condyle in close proximity
  2. lateral pteryoid - inferior head
    - rotates mandible anterior
  3. disc pushes anteriorly towards articular tubercle
  4. lateral pteryoid - superior head relaxed
  5. mandibular head resting on articular tubercle
  6. superior retrodiscal lamina
    - pulls disc posterior during closing
    - until all elastic tension removed
  7. lateral pterygoid - superior head
    - contracts to slow down anterior posterior movements
  8. lateral pterygoid - inferior head relaxed
  9. disc back into place and in rest mode
29
Q

how can the articulator disc be involved in temporomandibular clicking?

A
  1. disc is sat anterior
    - mandible is seated posterior to it
  2. normal movements
  3. mandible head snaps onto the articular disc
    - instead of moving with it
  4. normal movements back
  5. disc is still left forward
  6. mandible head clicks off the disc posteriorly
30
Q

why does jaw locking happen?

A

loss of retrodiscal tissue elasticity pulling the disc back into place

  1. disc is already sat anterior
  2. mandible is posterior
  3. disc goes beyond articular eminence
  4. mandible head does not snap back into correct position
  5. opening of mouth is restricted

there are no normal phases

31
Q

define myotactic

A

the reflex contraction of a muscle when an attached tendon is pulled

32
Q

describe the myotactic jaw reflexes.

A
  • detected when stretched
  • afferent fibres send information through trigeminal nerve
  • to trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
  • relay information
  • efferent fibres sent signal to contract the jaw
33
Q

describe the nociceptive jaw reflexes

A

protects the teeth from damaging biting forces

  • pain from teeth
  • afferent fibres to trigeminal nuclei
  • 2 responses: excite mylohyoid muscle to open jaw and inhibitory signals to masseter to stop contracting
  • relieve mouth of pain

YR 3 - CSB (38 decks)

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