CH2: Communication Within the Nervous System

Question 1

What are neurons?

Answer 1

Cells that convey sensory information into the brain, carry out operations, and transmit commands to the body

Question 2

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 2

Carries commands to the muscles and organs

Question 3

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 3

Carry information from the body and outside world into brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What do interneurons do?

Answer 4

Neurons which connect one neuron to another in the same part of brain or spinal cord

Question 5

What is polarization?

Answer 5

A state in which there is a difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the neuron

Question 6

What is voltage?

Answer 6

Measure of the difference in electrical charge between two points

Question 7

What is resting potential?

Answer 7

Difference in charge between inside and outside of membrane of a neuron at rest

Question 8

What are ions?

Answer 8

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 9

What are positive ions?

Answer 9

Na+, K+

Question 10

What are negative ions?

Answer 10

Cl-, A-

Question 11

What moves the ions?

Answer 11

1. Force of diffusion
2. Electrostatic pressure
3. Sodium potassium pump

Question 12

What is force of diffusion?

Answer 12

Tendency of ions to move through membrane to less concentrated side

Question 13

What is electrostatic pressure?

Answer 13

A force where ions are repelled from similarly charged attracted to oppositely charged

Question 14

What is a sodium potassium pump?

Answer 14

Large protein molecules that move sodium ions through cell membrane to outside, potassium ions back inside

Question 15

What are ion channels?

Answer 15

Gated pores in the membrane formed by proteins