Exam 2 - Reactions

Question 1

Halogenation [alkene]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 1

2 Halogens added across alkene
Reagent: X2 (halogen)
Product: dihaloalkane

Question 2

Hydrogenation [alkene]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 2

add 2 H’s across alkene
Reagent: H2
Catalyst: Pd or Pt
Product: alkane

Question 3

Hydrohalogenation [alkene]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 3

add one H and one halogen across alkene
Reagent: HX
Product: haloalkane

Question 4

Hydration [alkene]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 4

add H+OH across alkene
Reagent: water
Catalyst: acid
Product: alcohol

Question 5

Oxidation [Primary Alcohol]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 5

Reagent: [O]
Product: carboxylic acid

Question 6

Oxidation [Secondary Alcohol]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 6

Reagent: [O]
Product: ketone

Question 7

Oxidation [Tertiary Alcohol]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 7

No Reaction

Question 8

Oxidation [Aldehyde]
Reagent? Product?

Answer 8

Reagent: [O]
Product: carboxylic acid

Question 9

Markovnikov’s Rule

Answer 9

H goes to the carbon of the alkene with the most H’s

Halogen goes to the C with fewer H’s

Question 10

Reduction [Ketone]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 10

O of carbonyl becomes alcohol
Reagent: H2
Catalyst: Pd or Pt
Product: Secondary alcohol

Question 11

Reduction [Aldehyde]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 11

O of carbonyl becomes alcohol
Reagent: H2
Catalyst: Pd or Pt
Product: Primary alcohol

Question 12

Hemiacetal

Answer 12

1 OR group
1 OH group
1 R group
attached to one carbon

Question 13

hemiketal

Answer 13

1 OR group
1 OH group
2 R groups
attached to one carbon

Question 14

Addition of 1 Alcohol [Aldehyde]
Reactant 2? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 14

Reactant 2: alcohol
Catalyst: acid
Product: hemiacetal

Question 15

Addition of 1 Alcohol [Ketone]
Reactant 2? Catalyst? Product?

Answer 15

Reactant 2: alcohol
Catalyst: acid
Product: hemiketal

Question 16

Addition of 2nd Alcohol [Hemiacetal]
Reactant 2? Catalyst? Product? Byproduct?

Answer 16

Reactant 2: alcohol
Catalyst: acid
Product: acetal
Byproduct: water

Question 17

Addition of 2nd Alcohol [Hemiketal]
Reactant 2? Catalyst? Product? Byproduct?

Answer 17

Reactant 2: alcohol
Catalyst: acid
Product: ketal
Byproduct: water

Question 18

Acetal

Answer 18

2 OR groups
1 R group
attached to one carbon

Question 19

Ketal

Answer 19

2 OR groups
2 R groups
attached to one carbon

Question 20

Hydrolysis [Acetal]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 20

use water to break bonds
Reagent: water
Catalyst: acid
Product 1: aldehyde
Product 2: 2 alcohols

Question 21

Hydrolysis [Ketal]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 21

use water to break bonds
Reagent: water
Catalyst: acid
Product 1: ketone
Product 2: 2 alcohols

Question 22

Esterification
Reactant 1? Reactant 2? Catalyst? Product 1? Byproduct?

Answer 22

Reactant 1: Carboxylic acid
Reactant 2: alcohol
Catalyst: acid
Product 1: Ester
Byproduct: water

Question 23

Amide Formation
Reactant 1? Reactant 2? Product 1? Byproduct?

Answer 23

Reactant 1: Acid Chlorine
Reactant 2: Amine
Product 1: Amide
Byproduct: HCl

Question 24

Hydrolysis [Ester]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 24

use water to break ester bond
Reagent: water
Catalyst: acid
Product 1: Carboxylic acid
Product 2: alcohol

Question 25

Saponification [Ester]
Reagent? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 25

Reagent: NaOH
Product 1: Carboxylate Salt
Product 2: alcohol

Question 26

Hydrolysis [Amide]
Reagent? Catalyst? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 26

use water to break amide bond
Reagent: water
Catalyst: acid
Product 1: Carboxylic acid
Product 2: Ammonium

Question 27

Saponification [Amide]
Reagent? Product 1? Product 2?

Answer 27

Reagent: hydroxide (salt)
Product 1: Carboxylate salt
Product 2: Amine