Physical Science Lesson 1

Question 1

most prevailing model of the origin of the universe; described the universe expanded about 13.7 billion years ago

Answer 1

The Big Bang Model

Question 2

In 1948, ___________, ____________, __________ published a paper entitled “The Origin of Chemical Reactions”.

Answer 2

Ralph Alpher, Dr. Hans A. Bethe, & George Gamow.

Question 3

a process by which all of the elements in the universe could have come into existence shortly after the big bang

Answer 3

The origin of Chemical Elements

Question 4

process where two or more nuclei combine to form a new element

Answer 4

fusion reaction

Question 5

Life Cycle of a Star

Answer 5

1.Nebula
2. Protostar
3. Main Sequence Star
4. Giant
5. White Dwarf
6. Neutron Star
7. Black hole

Question 6

It refers to the production of nuclei other than H-1 (the normal, light hydrogen) shortly after the Big Bang.

Answer 6

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN or Primordial Nucleosynthesis)

Question 7

It is also believed that this process (BBN) is responsible for the formation of:

Answer 7

1. Hydrogen (H-1)
2. Deuterium (H-2, a hydrogen atom)
3. Helium isotopes
   (HE-3 and HE-4)
4. Lithium isotope (Li-7)
5. Trace amounts of Beryllium (Be)

Question 8

A star is formed when a cloud of gas and dust collapse to the point where the material in the center of the clump is so dense and hot that nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei and helium nuclei occurs
— The outflow of energy released by these reactions provide the pressure necessary to halt and collapse. The pressure and gravity are in hydrostatic equilibrium.

Answer 8

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Question 9

A low-mass star ends up as a

Answer 9

white dwarf

Question 10

A high-mass star ends up either as a

Answer 10

neutron star or blackhole

Question 11

Life Cycle of a Star

Answer 11

1. Nebula
2. Protostar
3. Main sequence star
4. Giant
5. White dwarf

Question 12

Massive stars become larger than giants as they leave the main sequence… they can be 100 to 1,000 times larger than the sun.

Answer 12

Supergiant

Question 13

the explosion of a supergiant

Answer 13

Supernova

Question 14

a small dense ball of neutrons that spin after a supernova explosion

Answer 14

Neutron Star

Question 15

the remnants of a supernova that are contracted even more than a neutron star …. It is so dense light cannot escape from it.

Answer 15

Black Hole

Question 16

three helium-4 nuclei or alpha-particles, fuse to form a carbon nucleus. As soon as carbon is present, the alpha process begins where the formation of neon, oxygen, and silicon takes place.

Answer 16

Triple Alpha Process

Question 17

It is the process where C12 is used as a catalyst that facilitate the production of He4.

Answer 17

CNO Cycle