Population and Settlement

Question 1

4 marks

Effect of large amounts migration on the country being immigrated to.

eg North and West Africans in Europe

Answer 1

• Pressure on/increased demand food; water supplies; education; healthcare
• Lack of housing/temporary accommodation/overcrowded
  housing/homelessness/refugee camps/squatter settlements/shanty towns;
• Increase in specified disease
  e.g., Diphtheria, Ebola, Covid-19;
• Unemployment/they may take jobs of local people;
• Problems caused by many people who don`t speak the local language e.g.,
  need for/cost of translation etc.;
• Conflicts with/resentment of local population/racial tension/cultural clashes;
• Increased/high crime rate;
• Cost/time/difficulty of processing immigrants;
  *Need for patrols/rescue boats;
• Need for financial support;
  *Political differences on how to deal with the issue etc.

Question 2

4 reasons

Reasons for forced migration in LICs

Answer 2

War/civil unrest;
Drought/lack of (clean) water;
Famine/starvation/lack of food;
Political/religious/ethnic/gender persecution/genocide/discrimination;
Natural disaster (or specific example e.g., volcano, flood) etc.

Question 3

5 marks

Problems faced by migrants

especially forced migration from LICs

Answer 3

• Difficulty finding employment;
• Discrimination/racial abuse/racial conflict/racial tension/xenophobia/racism;
• Low pay/exploitation/dirty jobs;
  Language difficulties;
• Finding/affording a home/poor housing/housing problems;
• Away from friends and family/people of same ethnicity;
• Qualifications will/may not be accepted;
• Hard to get citizenship/lack of documentation/VISA/permission to work/work
  permit/long wait for processing/possible deportation;
• Hard to adapt to culture/culture shock;
• Can`t afford clothing/food/education/health care etc.

Question 4

Case Study - 7 marks

Negative effects of an high dependent population (elderly)

Japan

Answer 4

• High dependency rate;
• Stress on working population;
• Increased taxation - more money is needed to support as the aged cannot work
• Lack of workforce;
• Need to provide pensions;
• Lack of innovation;
• Difficulty recruiting armed forces;
• Pressure on healthcare;
• Under use of facilities for young people/closure of schools.
• Increase in long term illnesses like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
• Less money can be used for improvement on amenities especially for the youth

almost 50% of their population is dependent