Epidemiology/ Biostatics

Question 1

Descriptive

Answer 1

Quantitive, can be numerical, tells you who and what and where
EX: DOB, TB skin test (# of induration)

Question 2

Analytical

Answer 2

Qualitative, categorical and non- numerical, tells you the why, gives you more in depth information about the circumstances
EX: disease status (yes/no), ovarian cancer staging

Question 3

Cohort

Answer 3

A group of people who share a common characteristic
Observation/ Prospective

Question 4

Case control

Answer 4

Looks at cases and controls
Compares those with disease and those without to identify common characteristics that may be shared by those with the disease

Question 5

Longitudinal

Answer 5

Study over a long period of time

Question 6

Incidence

Answer 6

Measures risk for disease
Number of new cases over a specific period of time

Question 7

What are some examples that decrease incidence

Answer 7

Mask
Vaccinations
Herd Immunity
PreP

Question 8

Prevalence

Answer 8

Measure the number of total affected people
ALL Cases

Question 9

What decreases Prevalence

Answer 9

How soon they heal from it.
Once the person dies

Question 10

Point prevalence

Answer 10

The proportion of persons with a particular disease on a specific date

Question 11

Period prevalence

Answer 11

The proportion of persons with a particular disease or attribute at any time during the interval

Question 12

Morbidity rate

Answer 12

The number or proportion of individuals experiencing a similar disability, illness, or disease

Question 13

Mortality rate

Answer 13

The number of deaths within a given population

Question 14

Incubation period

Answer 14

interval between invasion by agent and first signs/ symptoms

Question 15

Communicable period

Answer 15

interval during which infectious agent may be transferred from infected person to others

Question 16

Prodromal period

Answer 16

early, often non specific, symptom of disease

Question 17

Three parts of the Epidemiological triangle

Answer 17

Host
Environment
Vector
Agent

Question 18

Host

Answer 18

Genetic susceptibility, immutable characteristics, acquired, lifestyle factors

Question 19

Environment

Answer 19

Climate, plant and animal life, human population, socioeconomic factors, working conditions

Question 20

Agent

Answer 20

The actual disease

Question 21

Vector

Answer 21

Any organism that functions as an infectious agent between organisms of different species
Mosquitos/fillies/ticks
Mice
Rats
Fomites- inanimate objects capable of carrying infectious materials and transporting it between hosts

Question 22

Types of Immunity

Answer 22

Passive- acquired
Active- acquired
Herd Immunity

Question 23

Passive acquired

Answer 23

immunity you acquire from someone or something else

Question 24

Examples of passive acquired

Answer 24

Natural- transmitted from mother to baby
Artificial- from an immune serum medicine

Question 25

Active acquired

Answer 25

immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine

Question 26

Examples of active acquired

Answer 26

Natural- antibodies made after exposure to an infection
Artificial- antibodies made after getting a vaccination

Question 27

Herd immunity

Answer 27

Occurs when a large group develops immunity to a specific disease

Question 28

What percentage of the population need to be vaccinated to reach herd immunity

Answer 28

95%

Question 29

The American Community Survey is an example of what kind of epidemiology study?

Answer 29

Cross-sectional

Question 30

Herd Immunity is a characteristic of which element in the epidemiological triangle

Answer 30

Environment

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of an analytic epidemiological study design that offers cause and effect between variables

Answer 31

Community trial

Question 32

The public health nurse at the local health department is seeking out residents of Oahu who is affedted by the water contamination. What kind of surveillance is the nurse conducting?

Answer 32

Active