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Holistic Care (Abbott) > Exam 1 (Mod 1-4) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Mod 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

What word refers to decreasing risks of dangers or hazards to prevent actual or potential bodily harm?

A

Safety

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2
Q

What does SAFETY stand for?
S
A
F
E
T
Y

A

sensitivity to operations
Asking open questions
Finding the best in others
Entertaining doubt
Thinking critically
Yeast in the dough

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3
Q

What are the attributes of Safety in healthcare settings? (8 things)

A
  • Hazard surveys and safety inspections
  • Effective Hazard Reporting System
  • PPE being used effectively
  • OSHA-mandated Safety Programs in place
  • Safety, Health Rules and work practices available
  • Safety and health training for employees
  • Investigate incidents for root cause
  • Internal/External Disaster plans
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4
Q

What/who are other attributes of safety (1)

A

EVERYONE

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5
Q

What are some Safety and Health Promotion practices? (9 things)

A
  • hand hygiene
  • Only take antibiotics or medications prescribed
  • take appropriate vaccines
  • Report any S&S of infection sooner rather than later.
  • Encourage visitors, and healthcare workers to wash hands before touching you or preparing meds/meals.
  • Make sure you let your healthcare provider aware if you
    had a recent infection.
  • healthcare team may need to use PPE around patient
  • Inquire as to how to avoid infections after post-surgery.
  • Understand that you may need to have lab tests if you
    have been exposed to pathogens
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6
Q

What can happen if there are ALTERATIONS TO SAFETY

A
  • Results in longer hospital
    stays for patients
  • Injuries
  • Infections
  • Functional decline
  • Death
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7
Q

What 3 bullet points are included in the Comprehensive Nursing Assessment?

A
  • Observation (Continuous)
  • Patient Interview
  • Physical examination
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8
Q

What is included in an Age-appropriate assessment?

A
  • Communication and speech patterns
  • Mobility
  • Eye contact
  • General appearance
  • Balance
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9
Q
  • Communication and speech patterns
  • Mobility
  • Eye contact
  • General appearance
  • Balance

This is part of what assessment?

A

age-appropriate assessment

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10
Q

What are the 3 ratings for Risk-base assessments?

A

low. medium, and high

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11
Q

In risk-based assessments, what are the 5 things included in it?

A
  • Morse Fall Risk
  • Mobility assessment
  • Braden Scale (skin)
  • Suicide Risk Assessment
  • Social determinants assessment
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12
Q
  • Morse Fall Risk
  • Mobility assessment
  • Braden Scale (skin)
  • Suicide Risk Assessment
  • Social determinants assessment

this is included in what assessment?

A

Risk-base assessment

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13
Q

What to do to prevent latex exposure?

A

If patient is allergic, make sure to wear latex-free gloves

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14
Q

What are 4 examples of taking standard precautions in providing a safe environment?

A
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Safe injection practices
  • disinfecting techniques
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15
Q

________ is responsible for behaving safely in the healthcare
environment to prevent injuries, accidents, infections and
errors

A

EVERYONE!!

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16
Q

what are considered possible chemical exposures in a hospital setting?

A
  • cleaning supplies
  • disinfectants
  • paints
  • chemo drugs
  • formaldehyde
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17
Q

What are the 5 things included in SAFETY CULTURE

A
  • general feeling of shared attitudes, values, practices, and beliefs that result in behaviors and feelings of responsibility for safety in all daily routines.
  • Organizations and employees work together to improve safety and quality of care
  • Everyone is encouraged to note safety issues and report them
  • It is a blame-free environment – the focus is on systems
  • Encourages reporting errors and near misses without fearing punishment
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18
Q

What are screening tests for?

A

Used to detect the possible presence of health conditions before symptoms are apparent

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19
Q

When is the prenatal period?

A

between conception and birth (before 9 months)

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20
Q

Why is Early and Regular prenatal care important? (5 points)

  • what are the controllable factors?
  • what makes poor maternal peripartum course?
A

Assists in preventing complications associated with pregnancy

  • Monitors the mother’s health and the development of the fetus
  • Recognition of prenatal risks:
  • Controllable
    * Smoking
    * Drinking alcohol
    * Certain meds that can cause fetal malformation
  • Poor maternal peripartum course:
    * Advanced Maternal Age (over 35 years)
    * Cardiovascular disease
    * Preeclampsia (history, family history, or chronic
    conditions)
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21
Q

What increases the risk for Fetal Mortality? (8)

A
  • Maternal obesity
  • Smoking
  • Severe HTN
  • Diabetes
  • Congenital anomalies
  • Infections – STDs
  • Placental and cord problems
  • IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)
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22
Q

If planning to become pregnant
encourage healthy routine changes:
(7)

A
  • Quit smoking
  • Attaining healthy weight
  • Folic acid, PNV
  • Learn about family health
    conditions
  • History of gestational DM or
    HTN
  • Tubular defects – spinal bifida
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23
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for NEWBORNS AND INFANTS

A
  • Congenital anomalies
  • Birth weight is a good predictor of survival
  • Screening of newborns: (for birth defects that are
    not visible)
  • Hearing loss
  • Heart defects
  • Hemoglobin disorders
  • Hormonal insufficiency
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Inability to process
    certain nutrients

Causes of infant mortality

  • Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - Leading cause of death among infants 1–12 months of age
  • Complications during delivery
  • Unintentional injuries can result in:
  • Infant death
  • Suffocation
  • Co-sleeping
  • Maltreatment, abuse, neglect Falls are the number one cause of unintentional, nonfatal injuries due to:
  • Immature musculoskeletal systems and relative immobility
  • Infants are susceptible to falls
  • Soft heads are particularly susceptible to traumatic brain
    injury
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24
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for TODDLERS

A
  • Small size, developing bones make them particularly vulnerable during motor vehicle crashes or when hit, pushed, or shaken
  • Drowning of particular concern

Leading causes of death
* Accidents with unintentional injuries
* Congenital malformations
* Malignant cancers
* Homicide

At risk for injury or death due to:
fires, burns, suffocation Death caused by being left inside a parked motor vehicles

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25
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for PRESCHOOLERS

A
  • Fewer injuries, and fatalities than among toddlers

Leading cause of death
* Accidents with unintentional injuries
* Motor-vehicle crashes

The second highest cause of
child deaths:
* Firearm-related injuries

The third highest cause of
death
* Malignant cancers

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26
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for SCHOOL-AGED (5-12)

A
  • Less dependent on parents and move faster on foot, more active

Leading cause of death
* Unintentional injuries (account for almost 1/3)
- Caused by motor vehicle crashes

Nonfatal injuries
* Unintentional falls
* Overexertion
* Bicycle accidents

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27
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for YOUNG ADULT

A

Leading cause of death:
* Poisonings – drugs, narcotics, medicines, biological agents
* Motor vehicle crashes
* Malignant tumors
* Heart disease
* Suicide
* Homicide

Sources of nonfatal injuries:
* Unintentional falls
* Overexertion
* Being accidentally struck by or striking
something
* Unintentional cuts or piercing wounds

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28
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for MIDDLE ADULT

A

Leading cause of death:
* Malignant tumors – 1/3
of deaths
* Heart disease
* Poisonings – drugs,
narcotics, medicines, or
biological agents
* MVA
* Falls
Causes of nonfatal
injuries:
* Unintentional falls
* Overexertion
* Accidental injury caused
by being struck by or
against something
* MVA

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29
Q

Safety Across Lifespan for OLDEST ADULT

A

Chronic diseases such as:
* Heart disease
* Malignant cancers
* Cerebrovascular illness
* Chronic respiratory disease
* Alzheimer disease
* Diabetes
Function decline: reduction in quality of
or the ability for physical or cognitive
function
* Changes in ability to complete ADLs
* Impaired mobility
* Decreased musculoskeletal strength
* Reduced physical endurance
*reducing the risk of function decline can
help prevent pressure injuries, delirium,
depression, decreased mobility, loss of
independence, incontinence

Strategies to reduce the risk of function decline:
* Encourage older adults to keep mobile, active and
engaged in ADLs
* Precautionary measures for the prevention of injuries in
older adults with impaired mobility or altered
cognitive function
* Community daycare centers with staff trained to
work with older adults
* Senior center offering a variety of activities and social
opportunities
* Federal, state, local, and private advocacy agencies
providing services for the elderly
* Good oral care

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30
Q

Questions to ask related to safety strategies for individuals with DISABILITIES

A

 Can the individual move about, handle things, and explore
 Is there any safety equipment or modifications that are for the individual
 Does the individual have difficulty talking or understanding
 Does the individual have difficulty making decisions

Parents and other family members may need assistance

Nurses can:
 Assess what needs
 Provide support and encouragement

  • Family members may need encouragement and support to accept respite care
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31
Q

Look at Safety PPT #2 (lifespan)

A

there is a big chart again about assessment diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

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32
Q

What administration makes regulations for Workplace Safety? and what else do they do?

A

 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
 Part of the U.S. Department of Labor

 Protects workers from safety hazards and health risks
 Provides standards, enforcement actions, compliance assistance, and cooperative programs to prevent injury and illness in the workplace
 Enforces rights of safe workplace environment
 Whistleblower program
 Works with employers to find methods of prevention
 Examples in the healthcare sector:
 Hand hygiene procedures
 Use of gloves when working with the patient
 Puncture-resistant sharps containers

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33
Q

What is the purpose of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

A

 Conducts research to provide safety in the workplace and population
 Develops recommendations for safety procedures, distributes information
- part of CDC

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34
Q

What is the point of board of nursing?

A

protects public against nurses not adequately prepared or competent to provide safe nursing care
- establishes requirements for nursing prelicensure programs

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35
Q

 handrails along walls and grab bars in bathrooms
 Wider halls and doorways to
accommodate walkers, wheelchairs
 Removing throw rugs or adding nonslip
padding underneath
 Easy-grip door handles, water faucets
and cabinets
 Way to call for help accessible
 Adequate lighting
 Control of room temperature
 Fire and disaster plans

These are all examples of…

A

safety in home care setting

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36
Q

Why is communication so important for the safety of healthcare settings?

A

Patient come to hospitals with complex medical needs so its an Important part of patient care to communicate.
* Treatments can be complicated, need multiple
disciplines to be included in care, may be time- sensitive and change frequently – need coordination and accurate communication

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37
Q

Why is proper hand off reporting so important

A
  • If the right information is not communicated –
    patient care may be compromised.
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38
Q

What does SBAr STAND FOR?

A
  • situation - FULL REPORT OF PATIENT: patient name, age, location, code status…
  • background - BRIEF INFO ON SITUATION: admit date/diagnosis, allergies, patient physical/mental status

assessment: ANALYSIS/CONSIDERATION OF OPTIONS - lung, heart (organ) status, IV sites, Diet/I&O’s, iso precautions

recommendation: Action requested/recommended - suggestion of diagnostic tests/treatments

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39
Q

What age group is at risk for falls?

A

> 65yrs of age

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40
Q

what sit 4eh most common injury in healthcare

A

falls

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41
Q

what other injuries can falls cause?

A
  • fractured bones
  • excessive bleeding
  • TBI
  • Death
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42
Q

Can medications cause falls?

A

Yes, you see this all the time at work

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43
Q

No obstacles in walking paths in patient
rooms, corridors or stairwells.
* Keep personal items within close reach.
* Well lit room.
* Shoes that provide adequate traction.
* No skid socks.
* Encourage use of prescribed eyewear
* Use side rails on beds
* Aware of medication regime and side
effects associated with medications
* Safety devices – bed alarm
* Frequent rounding
* Morse fall risk
These are all examples of…

A

Strategies to decrease risk of falls

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44
Q

What is HAI?

A

Healthcare-associated infections

  • infections that occur while a patient is being treated for anotehr condition
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45
Q

How can nurses prevent infections on themselves?

A
  • hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • disinfectant techniques
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46
Q

When are restraints and safety devices only applied!!!???

A

when it is necessary to protect patient from injuring self or others

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47
Q

WHAT TYPE OF RESTRAINT TO WE ALways try to use

A

the least restrictive form

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48
Q

how often do you need to assess a restricted patient?

A

q 2 hrs

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49
Q

how often do you need a new order to keep restraints on?

A

every 24 hrs

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50
Q

What are the 3 types of restraints?

A
  • Chemical restraints – sedatives, hypnotics, neuroleptics and antianxiety
    medications
  • Seclusion – confinement to a room and preventing the patient from leaving.
  • Physical restraints – wrapped or tied to a person’s body to limit/restrict movement
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51
Q

What is considered the musculoskeletal system

A

 Musculoskeletal system:
 muscles, tendons of the muscular system
 Bones, ligaments, cartilage, and joints of the skeletal system

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52
Q

How does the Skeletal and muscular systems work together

A
  • Support body weight
  • movements
  • stability
  • protects organs
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53
Q

how does muscle attach to bones?

A

with tendons

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54
Q

how many bones does an adult have?

A

206 bones

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55
Q

What are ligaments?

A

 Connect bones to other bones to form a joint
 Strengthen, stabilize joint
 May limit mobility of some joints

56
Q

What are tendons?

A

 Connect bones to muscles for movement
 Carry contractile forces from muscle to bone movement

57
Q

What is cartilage

A

 Flexible connective tissue
 Less flexible than muscle, not as rigid as bones
 Does not contain blood vessels (unlike ligaments, tendons)

58
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

The degeneration of cartilage and bone in a joint

59
Q

what does OA mostly affect bone wise

A
  • knees
  • hips
  • hands
  • spine
60
Q

What is Parkinson disease?

A

A CNS disorder caused by degeneration several areas of the brain that produce dopamine
- A progressive disease

61
Q

What is the most serious effect of a spinal cord injury? Also, what other inconvenient locations can be annoying?

A

paralysis of breathing muscles

  • thoracic/lumbar-sacral injuries that can cause loss of bowel and bladder control
62
Q

What Disorder is the primary cause of decreased mobility

A

Joint disorders

63
Q

THIS IS BOLDED IN PPT ****

 Joint disorders of the head include ___________________________ _________ affects
chewing and talking
 Joint disorders of elbows and knees may include _______, _________, __________.
 Joint disorders of the hand and wrist include ____________, ___________, ____________, ___________.
 Joint disorders of the foot include ____________, ___________, ____________, ___________.

THIS IS BOLDED IN PPT ****

A

tendinitis, synovitis, bursitis; joint effusion, rheumatoid arthritis, Dupuytren contracture, carpal tunnel syndrome; gout, bunions, clubfoot, hammertoe

64
Q

What are examples of traumatic injuries?

A

bruises, sprains, strains, muscle injuries

65
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate

66
Q

POLICE stands for

A

Protection
Optimal loading (instead of rest)
Ice
Compression
Elevate

67
Q

What are the two other weird mnemonics for RICE?

A

 PEACE
 Protection
 Elevate
 Avoid
 Compression
 Education

 LOVE
 Load
 Optimism
 Vascularization
 Exercise

68
Q

What is the primary risk factor for mobility in Older Adults

A

AGING

69
Q

What are the 5 P’s and their explanation?

A

Pain: Assess on a 0–10 scale

 Pulses: Compare affected/unaffected extremity

 Pallor: Observe skin color overall and in the injured/affected area

 Paresthesia: Ask about changes in sensation

 Paralysis/paresis: Assess the ability to move body parts distal to the fracture

70
Q

What are ways of providing education to a patient who has difficulty with mobility?

A

 Body mechanics, proper posture
 Importance of exercise and nutrition

 Medications
 Safe administration
 Actions
 Side effects
 Precautions

71
Q

What are ways of providing comfort to a patient who has difficulty with mobility?

A

 Promoting comfort

 Patient positioning during periods of immobility
 Padding of joints to prevent discomfort and skin breakdown
 Braces and support devices to stabilize weak or injured musculoskeletal structures

72
Q

What are ways we can educate patients to prevent injury for a patient?

A
  • Encourage exercises and stretches
  • Braces and splits as prescribed by primary healthcare provider, PT, OT

Environment screening for potential hazards
- Loose floor coverings
- Inadequate lighting
- Obstructed walkways
- Proper use of assistive devices

73
Q

what is something that you might forget is a modifiable risk factor?

A

Folic acid as a supplement for pregnant ladies

74
Q

What are three types of scans and what are they used for?

A

 Bone density scans for older adults to detect osteoporosis
 Spinal screenings for school-age children to detect scoliosis
 Genetic testing for patients with a family history of certain disorders

75
Q

Lifespan consideration for infants and children for mobility

A

Infants and children may have genetic disorders or congenital malformations

76
Q

Lifespan consideration for mobility in children, adolescents, young adults

A

prone to trauma from sports, abuse or
accidents

77
Q

lifespan considerations in mobility for older adults?

A

present inflammatory and “wear-and-tear” problems

78
Q

lifespan considerations in mobility for pregnant women

A

may have decreased range of motion (ROM) and increased back pain

79
Q

What are ways that we can foster independence in a patient?

A
  • Offer assistance but avoid doing something for the patient to get it done faster
  • Encourage the patient to ease out of their comfort zone
  • Foster adjustments to allow the patient to go out independently rather than in a group
  • Provide information about screenings, healthcare needed to maintain health
80
Q

How to help patients reduce social isolation?

A

 Reducing social isolation
 Discuss how too much reliance on paid assistance impairs relationships with others
 Help patient explore social networks
 Discuss living arrangements that promote social interactions
 Promote involvement in community groups that share patient’s interests

81
Q

What are some collaborative (movement) inteventions we can encourage for the patient?

A

1.) Rehabilitative services
- PT or OT

2.) Exercise
- Passive/Active ROM to maintain joint mobility
- Resistive exercises to increase muscle strength
- Isometric exercises to maintain strength when a joint is immobilized

3.) Ambulation

4.) Assistive devices
- Crutches (axillary, Lofstrand, Platform)
- Walkers (for unsteadiness; arms support body weight)
- Canes (patient can bear weight/ have 1 weak leg)

5.) Pharmacologic Therapy
- paint relievers
- anti-inflammatory drugs
- muscle relaxants
- neurologic drugs

82
Q

What 2 main factors contribute to fractures?

A

Strength of the force acting against bone and strength of bone
- Strength of bone related to a person’s nutritional status or presence of
pathologic conditions

83
Q

What are the 3 phases of fracture healing

A

◦ Inflammatory phase (reactive phase): Damage to bone, blood vessels, and
surrounding tissue causes bleeding, hematoma, inflammation

◦ Reparative phase: Fibroblasts, osteoclasts, chondroblasts secrete collagen — fibrocartilage — soft callus — woven bone — hard callus

◦ Remodeling phase: Woven bone replaced by lamellar bone

◦ Stronger, more compact, better blood circulation

84
Q

for fracture healing, what is the name for normal healing?

A

union

85
Q

What are the 3 types of unions for when a bone does not heal properly?

A

◦ Delayed union: The healing process takes significantly longer than expected
◦ Nonunion: Fracture shows no sign of healing for at least 3 months
◦ Malunion: Bone fragments join in a position that is not anatomically correct

86
Q

What are the 4 risk factors for a fracture?

A
  • Age
  • Presence of bone disease
  • Poor nutrition
  • Lifestyle habits
87
Q

What are the 3 ways we can promote the prevention of a fracture?

A
  • Education
    ◦ Safety equipment
    ◦ Good lifestyle habits
  • Safe living environment
    ◦ Protective gates on stairs for young children
    ◦ Removing rugs, clutter
  • Regular screenings
    ◦ Osteoporosis
    ◦ Fall prevention
88
Q

What are 2 clinical manifestions for a fracture? What are other manifestations to include as well?

A

Pain
Visible fracture on x-ray

Other manifestations include
◦ Visible deformity
◦ Swelling
◦ Numbness
◦ Internal or external loss of blood
◦ May lead to hypovolemic shock or ecchymosis
◦ Crepitus

89
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

◦ Edema, and swelling cause increased pressure in the muscle compartment
decreased blood flow, potential muscle and nerve damage

◦ Continuous cycle: Decreased blood flow
— dilation of blood vessels — more edema

◦ If ischemia continues for a significant length of time, muscles and nerves may die,
limb might need to be amputated

90
Q

What are the symptoms of Compartment syndrome?

  • Where is the most common?
  • How to suspect compartment syndrome from the patient?
A

◦ Severe pain and tenderness
◦ Swelling, paresthesia, pallor, numbness, decreased or absent pulses in affected limb, poikilothermia in distal part of affected limb
◦ Most common in lower leg and forearm
◦ Can also occur in hand, foot, thigh, upper arm
◦ Suspect if patient’s pain, swelling are disproportionate to negative x-ray findings

91
Q

What are the causes of Compartment syndrome?

A

Causes
◦ Fracture
◦ Muscle bruise
◦ Crush injury
◦ Excessively tight bandage or cast
◦ Medical emergency

92
Q

How is compartment syndrome treated?

A

◦ Remove tight cast
◦ If symptoms are caused by internal pressure, surgery (fasciotomy) to relieve pressure

93
Q

How to prevent compartment syndrome

A

◦ Prevention
◦ Elevation, ice to reduce swelling
◦ Delaying casting

94
Q

How to diagnose DVT

A

Venogram or Doppler ultrasound

95
Q

How to treat DVT

A
  • Bedrest
  • Anticoagulants
  • Surgery
96
Q

What can a DVT cause?

A

◦ In the brain, can cause stroke
◦ In the lungs, can cause pulmonary embolism
◦ In coronary arteries, can cause myocardial
infarction (MI), other severe damage

97
Q

What are the risk factors for DVT?

A
  • Dec. blood flow
  • Blood vessel injury
  • Altered blood coagulation
  • Older age
  • Obesity
  • Poor circulation
  • Inactivity or bedrest
  • Smoking
  • Cancer
98
Q

What is Fat embolism syndrome?

A

◦ May occur in conjunction with closed long bone or pelvic fractures
◦ Fat and bone marrow fragments are released into the bloodstream,
become lodged in blood vessels, creating decreased perfusion beyond the blockage

99
Q

How is Fat embolism syndrome (FES) manifest?

A

Respiratory consequences: typically first symptom
◦ In severe cases: dyspnea respiratory failure with tachypnea, hypoxia
◦ Neurologic symptoms
◦ Confusion, restlessness, seizures, coma
◦ Transient petechial rash
◦ Purtscher retinopathy
◦ Mild fever

100
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for FES

A

◦ Oxygen administration
◦ Rash disappears spontaneously
within a week

Prevention
- corticosteroids
◦ Early immobilization of the injury
◦ Rarely seen in children <10 years of age

101
Q

What types of infections can a fracture cause?

A

Cellulitis, Osteomyelitis, Gangrene

102
Q

What are the 2 most important objectives with a fracture for EMERGENCY CARE?

A
  • immobilize fracture
  • prevent infection
103
Q

What type of diagnostic test is the most common for fractures

A

X-ray

104
Q

What are casts?

A

Rigid device to immobilize, support, and protect fractured bones, and surrounding soft tissue

105
Q

What is a splint?

A

Less support than cast but easily adjusted to accommodate swelling, prevent compartment syndrome

106
Q

What is a traction?

A

the use of weights, ropes, and pulleys to apply force to a fractured bone to maintain proper alignment

107
Q

When is a skin traction used?

A

used when only a small amount of weight is needed for traction

helps to control spasms
- maintain alignment of fracture before/after internal fixation

108
Q

When are skeletal tractions used?

A

◦ Used when a greater force is needed or skin traction contraindicated

◦ May be used in conjunction with skin traction

◦ Pins, wires, or screws surgically implanted into bone, weights attached to implanted hardware

◦ Monitor for infected pins

109
Q

What is a non-pharmacologic pain management strategy (asian food)

A

RICE

110
Q

what bone gets frequently fractured at birth

A

collar bone

111
Q

a midshaft spiral fracture can be a sign of…

A

child abuse

112
Q

As a nurse, what should we provide effectively for a patient with a fracture?

A

effective pain management
- promote mobility/help with ambulation

113
Q

What are the 2 types of hip fractures?

A

intracapsular and extracapsular hip fractures

114
Q

what are intracapsular fractures?

A
  • Occur at femoral head,
    neck within the capsule of
    hip joint
115
Q

what are extracapsular fractures?

A
  • Occur within trochanter, either in intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric regions
116
Q

what injury occurs the most in older adults

A

falls

117
Q

what are the 4 causes of hip fractures in children?

A
  • Trauma from a motor vehicle crash
  • Sports injury
  • Fall
  • Physical abuse
118
Q

what are the 2 greatest risk factors for hip fracture?

A
  • old age
  • osteoporosis
119
Q

what gender is at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis?

A

Women bc of menopause

120
Q

What are the 6 things to do for the prevention of a hip fracture?

A
  • Prevent falls
  • maintaining bone health
  • screening for bone disease
  • exercise/ compression stockings
  • resp. exercise (pneumonia)
  • PT, ROM, OT
121
Q

What are clinical manifestations for a hip fracture?

A
  • 1 LEG SHORTER THAN THE OTHER AND TURNED TO THE SIDE
    Severe pain in hip, upper thigh, groin, lower back
  • May be unable to move, stand, or walk
  • May have stiffness, bruising, and swelling in the hip area
  • Bone may be visible through skin
  • Because they result from trauma, other injuries may also be
    present
  • Other fractures
  • Head injuries
  • Internal injuries
122
Q

due to the immobility of a hip fracture, what are some serious complications?

A
  • DVT
  • Pressure ulcers
  • UTI
  • Pneumonia
  • Muscle atrophy
123
Q

What is the primary imaging tool for hip fractures?

A

X-ray

124
Q

For hip fracture, what are the 3 goals for surgery?

A
  • Reduce pain
  • Stabilize Fracture
  • Return patient to normal activity level
125
Q

For hip fractures, what are the 3 types of surgery?

A
  • Repair with hardware
  • Partial hip replacement
  • Total hip replacement
  • May require revision therapy or replacement of artificial joint after 10 years
126
Q

For hip fractures, what are the 2 types of Traction?

A
  • buck
  • russel
127
Q

For hip fractures, what is the name of the cast put on?

A

Hip spica cast

128
Q

for hip fractures, what are the post-op assessment

A
  • oxygenation assessment
  • presence of infection
  • ability to ambulate
  • urinary/bowel complications
  • DVT
129
Q

Nursing interventions for patients with hip fracture
include:

A
  • Managing pain
  • Maintaining proper alignment
  • Promoting mobility
  • Monitoring the patient’s neurovascular status
  • Monitoring for infection
  • Managing pre-and postoperative care
  • Emotional care
  • Instructions for home care
130
Q

How does a nurse care for a patient pre and post-care?

A

Preoperative
* Manage pain
* Immobilize the hip with traction or other restraints
* Provide information on treatment plan

Postoperative
* Manage pain
* Promote mobility
* Prevent complications
* Assist with ambulation
* DVT prevention
* Respiratory exercises
* Active or passive ROM
* Wound care

131
Q

in what position does a patient lay pre op for a hip fracture?

A

Lateral position (off of the fractured side)

132
Q

Which complication is most commonly associated with hip fractures in the elderly population?

A

Pneumonia

133
Q

When does alteration in digestion related to motility occur?

A

When coordination of the digestive system is interrupted

  • Inflammation
  • Infection
  • Tumors
  • Obstructions
  • Changes in the structure
  • Amount of food intake and bacteria
  • Stress
  • Postponement of defecation
  • Consistency of stools
  • Disorders: Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD);
    Impaired esophageal motility; Pyloric stenosis;
    Diarrhea; Constipation; Irritable bowel syndrome
    (IBS); Encopresis
134
Q

When does alteration in digestion related to absorption occur?

A

Occur when there is impaired uptake of nutrients in the
digestive system
* Influences on absorption:
* Infection
* Medications
* Insufficient enzyme production
* Injury to the intestinal lining
* Food sensitives or intolerances
* Disorders: Pernicious anemia, lactose intolerance,
celiac disease, Crohn disease, acute and chronic
pancreatitis, liver failure and gastric or bariatric surgeries.

135
Q

What are common symptoms

A

Holistic Care (Abbott) (4 decks)

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