Upper/Lower respiratory tract infections Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract infections can be caused by viral, bacterial or fungal infections, which are all acquired. Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?
1 - larynx
2 - primary bronchi
3 - pharynx
4 - nasal cavity
2 - primary bronchi
Which of the following is typically linked with causing an upper respiratory tract infection that us acquired?
1 - pollen
2 - smoke
3 - dust mites
4 - irritant chemicals
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
When does the incidence of an upper respiratory tract infection peak?
1 - 0-12 months
2 - 1-2 years old
3 - 1-5 years old
4 - 10-15 years old
3 - 1-5 years old
Boys and girls are equally affected
Is stridor (abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway.
due to turbulent airflow) a hallmark of upper or lower respiratory tract infections?
- upper
In the 1st year if life, how many upper respirator tract infections does the typical child have?
1 - 1-2
2 - 1-5
3 - 10-12
4 - >20
2 - 1-5
- 10-12 in some primary school aged children
- risk of infection increases in nurseries, day care etc…
What % of all respiratory tract infections, do upper respiratory infections account for?
1 - 100%
2 - 80%
3 - 40%
4 - 20%
2 - 80%
The common cold is the most common cause of an URTI. What is the most common cause of this?
1 - viral
2 - bacterial
3 - fungal
4 - pollen
1 - viral
Common viruses:
- Rhinoviruses
- Coronaviruses
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus.
Viruses are the most common cause of the common cold in paediatrics. Which of the following is the most common virus causing URTI, such as the common cold?
1 - Coronaviruses
2 - Respiratory Syncytial Virus
3 - Rhinoviruses
4 - Adenoviruses
5 - Parainfluenza
6 - Influenza
3 - Rhinoviruses
Which of the following do children with the common cold NOT typically present with?
1 - fatigue
2 - loss of appetite
3 - high grade fever
4 - coryzal symptoms
3 - high grade fever
Typically causes a low grade fever
Coughs can last up to 4 weeks
In a child with coryzal symptoms due to the common cold, which 2 of the following can they be treated with?
1 - anti-virals
2 - nasal saline drops
3 - analgesia for discomfort (paracetamol)
4 - antibiotics
2 - nasal saline drops
3 - analgesia for discomfort (paracetamol)
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx and soft pallet (back of roof of mouth), which can spread to the tonsils. Is Pharyngitis typically causes by viral or bacterial infections?
- viral
Which 2 of the following are the most common causes of Pharyngitis?
1 - Coronaviruses
2 - Enterovirus
3 - Rhinoviruses
4 - Adenoviruses
5 - Parainfluenza
6 - Influenza
2 - Enterovirus
4 - Adenoviruses
Patients can have all of the following symptoms in Pharyngitis/tonsillitis, but which is by far the most common?
1 - coryzal symptoms (nasal congestion, headache, earache, cough).
2 - Fever >38ºC
3 - Dysphagia
4 - Sore throat and refusal of foods
5 - enlarged lymph nodes
4 - Sore throat and refusal of foods
- occurs in 99% of patients
Viral induced wheeze is thought to be caused by an abnormal immune response to a virus causing inflammation and obstruction of the smaller airways. Typically what age are affected by this?
1 - <12 months
2 - 1-2 years
3 - 6 months to 5 years
4 - 5-10 years
3 - 6 months to 5 years
Typically occurs in 1/3 of all children
Viral induced wheeze is thought to be caused by an abnormal immune response to a virus causing inflammation and obstruction of the smaller airways. Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor?
1 - Prematurity
2 - Overweight
3 - Previous bronchiolitis
4 - Male gender
2 - Overweight
