The memory system

Question 1

The memory system & information processing

Answer 1

all information picked up by the senses is stored in the memory

Question 2

What is the ‘working memory’?

Answer 2

= performs a number of functions
- consists of a central control centre (central executive)

Question 3

What is the ‘central executive’?

Answer 3

= control centre of the workign memory model
- uses 3 other ‘sub systems’ to control all infromation moving in and out of the memory system

Question 4

What are the 3 sub systems of the central executive?

Answer 4

1) Phenological loop
2) Visuospatial sketchpad
3) Episodic buffer

Question 5

Describe the ‘phenological loop’
(PL)

Answer 5

= deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace

Question 6

What is a memory trace?

Answer 6

= initial mental idea of the skill, whcih can be sent to the long term memory where it can trigger a motor programme

Question 7

WHat is a motor programme?

Answer 7

= permenant trace stored in the LTM, that contains all the components taht make up a skill

Question 8

Describe the ‘visuospatial sketchpad’
(VS)

Answer 8

= used to temporarily store visual and spatial information
Divided into 2 areas
- visual cahce: info about form & colour
- inner scribe: spatial & movement info

Question 9

Describe the ‘episodic buffer’
(EB)

Answer 9

= co-ordinates the sight, hearing and movement infromation from the wokring memory into sequences to be sent to the long-term memory
- coridnates the work of phenological loop and visuospatial sketpad to create a sequence which is sent to the long-term memory
- starting point for a motor programme, and can be used to create movment

Question 10

Summerise the 3 subsystems of the working memory

Answer 10

Phenological loop = auditory information creates memory trace

Visuospatial sketpatch = temporarily stores visual & patial inforamtion

Episodic buffer = PL + VS = sequence which is sent to the long term memory

Question 11

Is working memory long or short term?

Answer 11

Short term and temporary
- central executive/phenological loop/visuospatial sketchpad/episodic buffer

Question 12

Define ‘long term memory’
(LTM)

Answer 12

= recieves information from the working memory, and has unlimited capacity for the storage of motor promgrammes

Question 13

Describe the process of memory

Answer 13

1) Working memory picks up informtion from the display
2) Selective attention filters out irrelavent information
3) PL and VS produce a memory trace (hearing, sight and spatial info)
4) Memory trace is sent to the LTM
5) LTM compares this memory trace to info already stored within the LTM
6) LTM sends info back to the working memory for use in current sporting action

Question 14

Summerise working memory and LTM

Answer 14

• working memory sends coded for information to the LTM
• LTM comapares this for future storage/use/decision making
• Work together in a 2 way process.

Question 15

Features & functions of the working memory

Answer 15

• initiates actions by sending the memory trace
• limited capacity (5-9 items at one time. Too much = overload and important info could be lost)
• Limited time scale (30 seconds until info is used or lost)

Question 16

Features & functions of the LTM

Answer 16

• info stored aas motor programmes (=permenant trace of skill consisting of all the components that make up thta skill)
• Large capacity
• Lasts forever

Question 17

How is the best resposnse decided?

Answer 17

By the memory systems working togetehr

Question 18

Why is it important for memory systems to be effective?

Answer 18

• ensures useful info and motor programmes are stored in the LTM
• learned skills can be moved back to the working memory for use at the current time

Question 19

How can coaches and performers improve storing info/decision making?

Answer 19

• Rewards
• Association
• Mental practice
• Chunking
• Focus/concerntration
• Repetition
• Chaining

Question 20

Tool for remebering ‘improving storing info/decision making’

Answer 20

Males - mental practice
And - association
Females - focus
Can - chunking
Run - repetition
Chairty - chaining
Races - rewrads

Question 21

Rewards

Answer 21

• intrinsic & extrinsic rewards motivate player to remeber correct actions

Question 22

Association

Answer 22

= linking stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion/action

Question 23

Mental practice

Answer 23

• imagining the sub-routines of the skill in mind
• useful for remembereing sequence of serial/complex skills

Question 24

Chunking

Answer 24

= breaking the skilled action into parts/subroutines
- helps to prevent information overload
- performer can learn 1 aspect of a skill until it is stored in the LTM
- more easily recalled into the workign memory if broken dwon

Question 25

Focus

Answer 25

• elimates distractions
• aids selective attention
  = correct info goes into each memory
  system

Question 26

Repetition

Answer 26

• enures skills are coded and stored as motor programmes in the LTM
• repetition of action
• repeated practice to stimulus

Question 27

Chaining

Answer 27

= linking items together as a sequence, so they are more easily recalled as a sequence
- useful for serial skills