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Professional Communications > Verbal communication > Flashcards

Verbal communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is language

A
  • a system of arbitrary symbols of ideas or things being refered to
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2
Q

Misunderstandings ca occur when

A
  • there is an indirect relationship between symbols and what is being referred to
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3
Q

Triangle of meaning includes three things

A
  1. thought
  2. symbol
  3. referent
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4
Q

Syntactic rules

A
  • rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meaning of the symbols
  • order
    EXAMPLE: “the big toe, has a different meaning than the toe big”
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5
Q

Sematic rules

A
  • govern the meaning assigned to words
  • refer to word orders
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6
Q

Equivical language

A
  • consists of words with more than one commonly accepted definition
    EXAMPLE: groom
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7
Q

Pragmatic rules

A
  • help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context
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8
Q

pragmatic rules consist of

A
  • denotative meaning
  • connotative meaning
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9
Q

Abstraction

A
  • language that is vague and unclear
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10
Q

Bypassing

A
  • that same words mean different things to different people
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11
Q

low contet cultures

A
  • place emphasis on worlds
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12
Q

High context cultures

A
  • place emphasis on non verbal expressions and surrounding context
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13
Q

Convergence

A
  • adapting ones speech style to match that of others whom the communicator wants to identify with
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14
Q

Divergence

A
  • speech mannerism that emphasize the communicators diffrences from others
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15
Q

Deferential language

A
  • language style in which the speaker defers listners by using hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite forms, tag question, and disclaimers
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16
Q

Hedge examples

A
  • kinda
  • think
  • guess
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17
Q

Hesitations Examples

A
  • uh
    well
    er
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18
Q

Intenifier examples

A
  • really
  • very
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19
Q

Polite forms examples

A
  • excuse me
  • sir
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20
Q

Tag question examples

A
  • its about time we got started, isnt it
  • dont you thing we should give it another try
21
Q

Disclaimers examples

A
  • I probably shouldn’t say this but
  • i’m bot really sure but
22
Q

Disruptive language consists of

A
  • fact opinion confusion
  • inference
  • emotive language
23
Q

fact opinion confusion

A
  • also called fact inference confusion
  • occurs when inference’s of assumptions are presented as facts
24
Q

Infrence

A
  • a conculsion that is arrived at, from an interpretation of evidence
25
Q

Emotive language

A
  • describes something but really announces the speakers positive or negative attitude towards a person, situation, or topic
26
Q

i language

A
  • a statement that describes the speakers reaction to another persons behaviour without making judgements about the behaviours worth
27
Q

“i” language advantages

A
  • takes responsibility for personal thought, feelings and wants
  • less defence provokinking that
    ‘you
    ‘ langauge
28
Q

“i” langage disadvantages

A
  • can be perceived as egotistical, narcissitic, and self-absorbed
29
Q

tips when using “I” language

A
  • use i language when the other person doesnt previeve the problem
  • combine “i” with “we” lanuage
30
Q

“we” langauge advantages

A
  • signals inclusion, immediacy, cohesiveness, and commitment
31
Q

“we” langauge disadvantages

A
  • can speak improperly for others
32
Q

“we” language tips

A
  • combine with “i” language
  • use in groups setting to enhance unity
  • avoid expressing personal thoughts, feelings, and wants
33
Q

“you” langauge advantages

A
  • signals other orientation, particullarly when the topic is positive
34
Q

“you” langauage disadvantages

A
  • xan sound evaluative and judgemental, particullary during confrontations
35
Q

“you” langauge tips

A
  • use”i” language during confrontations
  • use “you” language when praising others
36
Q

Metamessages

A
  • can be exchanged verbally or nonverbally
  • communication about communication
37
Q

Non-verbal metamessages

A
  • provides information about the emotion and relation of impact of what the speaker is expressing with the verbal message
  • could be sacasm
38
Q

Misunderstandings is coaused by

A
  • the ineffective ise of verbal messages
39
Q

Figurative langaue

A
  • do not conform to the sematic rule
40
Q

Metaphor

A
  • involves an impicit comparision of two things that are not alike
    EXAMPLE: time is money
41
Q

Irony

A
  • the use of language that indicate two opposing ideas
    EXAMPLE: open secret
42
Q

Idiom

A
  • worlds that provide artistic expression of ideas
  • can be used to amplify messages
    EXAMPLE: knowledge is power
43
Q

Informal lanuage consists of

A
  • jargon
  • colloquialism
  • slang
44
Q

Jargon

A
  • specialized words used by a certain group
  • often difficult to understand by an outsider group
45
Q

Colloquialism

A
  • use of informal worlds in everyday langauge
    EXAMPLE: wanna, gunna
46
Q

Slang

A
  • informal worlds used in day to day communication by certain groups who share certain characteristics
  • commonly used when speaking
47
Q

Guidelines for using verbal messages effectively (6 things)

A
  1. focus on the actual
  2. recognize complexity
  3. distinguish between facts and inferences
  4. avoid indiscrimination
  5. talk about the middle
  6. update messages
48
Q

Label orientation

A
  • avoid
  • tendency to view people, objects, and events in a way they are labeled

Professional Communications (8 decks)

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