PGX (Precision Medicine)

Question 1

Pharmacogenetics
- Definition

Answer 1

Study of effects of variations in DNA sequence on drug response

In terms of metabolism/clearance (PK) and action (PD) of drug delivered

Question 2

Pharmacogenomics
- Definition

Answer 2

Influence of an individual’s entire genome on their drug response

Question 3

Personalized Medicine

Answer 3

Designing medicine specific to individual characteristic of the patient

Not used anymore because it may be mistaken that a treatment is made solely for each individual

Question 4

Precision Medicine

Answer 4

Medicine that takes into account gene variability, environment, lifestyle for each person

Question 5

Factors Affecting Drug Response

Answer 5

• Environment
  –> Diet
  (Absorption Interference, Amount Intake)
  –> Ambient Conditions (Seasons, Temperature)
• Pollutants
  –> Air Pollutants
• Ethnicity
  –> Share Genetic Polymorphisms

Question 6

Extrinsic Factors Affecting Drug Response

Answer 6

Environment
Culture

Question 7

Intrinsic Factors Affecting Drug Response

Answer 7

Genetic
Physiological and Pathological Conditions

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Genetic Makeup of individual

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Observable characteristic
- Determined by genotype and environment

Question 10

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 10

What does the drug do to the body

Question 11

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 11

What does the body do to the drug (ADME)

Question 12

Precision Medicine
- Challenges

Answer 12

Technology
- Still in early stages

Ethics
- Social and Legal considerations

Cost
- Very expensive to sequence DNA of a single individual, is not covered by insurance

Education
- Still need to teach doctors how to interpret genetic tests and how to communicate results to patients