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CS214 Web Page Design > Chapter 2 - How the Web Works > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - How the Web Works Flashcards

1
Q

internet

A

an international network of connected computers

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2
Q

protocols

A

standardized methods for transferring data or documents over a network

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3
Q

web (the World Wide Web; www)

A

one of the ways information can be shared over the internet

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4
Q

hypertext

A

links

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5
Q

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

a protocol used by the web

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6
Q

servers

A

the computer software located on the computers that make up the internet - software allows the computer to communicate with other computers

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7
Q

HTTP servers

A

web servers

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8
Q

open source

A

freely available software - developed as a collaborate effort with the intent to make its source code available to other programmers for use and modification

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9
Q

IP address (internet protocol)

A

a unique number assigned to each computer and device connected to the internet

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10
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

a system to allow us to refer to a server by its domain name

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11
Q

domain name

A

the “blank”.com that makes up a websites main address

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12
Q

DNS server

A

a “phonebook” of IP addresses and domain names

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13
Q

intranets

A

special web-based networks that function like ordinary websites, but use special security devices to prevent the outside world from seeing them

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14
Q

firewalls

A

security device to block outside users from intranets

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15
Q

extranet

A

allows access to select users outside of the organization

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16
Q

client

A

the software that requests information from the server

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17
Q

user agent

A

web browser

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18
Q

client-side (frontend)

A

applications run on the user’s machine

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19
Q

server-side (backend)

A

applications and functions that use the processing power of the server computer

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20
Q

rendering engine (browser engine, layout engine)

A

the program that is responsible for converting HTML and CSS into what you see rendered on the screen

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21
Q

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A

a special address assigned to each and every page and resource on the web

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22
Q

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

A

a more generic and technically accurate term used instead of URL. URL is one type of a URI.

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23
Q

Uniform Resource Name(space) (URN)

A

another type of URI that identifies the resource by name or namespace

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24
Q

the three components of a URL

A

protocol, name of site, absolute path

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25
Q

two parts of the name of site

A

hostname, domain name

26
Q

two parts of the absolute path

A

directory path, document

27
Q

protocol

A

the first piece of a URL - defines the protocol that will be used for the transaction (HTTP, HTTPS)

28
Q

hostname

A

usually www, but not always required

29
Q

subdomains

A

when there are more than one websites at a domain

30
Q

directory path

A

made up of directory names separated by slashes

31
Q

document

A

the web page document name found on the server

32
Q

https vs http

A

the s stands for secure, meaning that this protocol encrypts form information when it is sent between the user’s client and the server

33
Q

index file

A

the name of the default file

34
Q

three parts of the anatomy of a web page

A

HTML document, style sheet, graphic

35
Q

source document

A

the text file behind the scenes

36
Q

tags

A

describe each element on the page in HTML

37
Q

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

A

markup language used by web pages

38
Q

empty elements

A

elements that do not have content

39
Q

parses

A

putting together, displaying

40
Q

presentation

A

visual style instructions

41
Q

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A

allow designers to add visual style instructions

42
Q

structure

A

the marked-up text

43
Q

static websites

A

consist of HTML files with fixed content that display the same information to every visitor

44
Q

dynamic websites

A

generated with backend programming such as PHP or ASP, each page is generated by the application on the fly with access to content and data from a database, with final pages customized for each user

45
Q

HTTP header

A

an HTTP response that includes information about the file and its Content-Type

46
Q

HTTP Status Code: 200

A

OK

47
Q

HTTP Status Code: 301

A

Moved Permanently

48
Q

HTTP Status Code: 302

A

Moved Temporarily

49
Q

HTTP Status Code: 404

A

Not Found

50
Q

HTTP Status Code: 410

A

Gone (no longer available)

51
Q

HTTP Status Code: 500

A

Internal Server Error

52
Q

five steps to displaying a web page

A
  1. type in a URL or click a link in the browser
  2. The browser sends an HTTP request
  3. The server looks for or assembles the file and responds with an HTTP response
  4. The browser parses the document. If it has images, style sheets, and scripts, the browser contacts the server again for each resource.
  5. The page is assembled in the browser window.
53
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: HTML

A

The markup language used to describe web content.

54
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: W3C

A

The organization that monitors web technologies.

55
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: CERN

A

Particle physics lab where the web was born

56
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: CSS

A

The language used to instruct how web content looks.

57
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: HTTP

A

Protocol for transferring web documents on the internet.

58
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: IP

A

Internet Protocol

59
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: URL

A

The location of a web document or resource.

60
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: NCSA

A

Home of Mosaic, the first graphical browser

61
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: DNS

A

Matches domain names with numeric IP addresses.

62
Q

Let’s play a round of “Identify That Acronym!”: FTP

A

e

CS214 Web Page Design (12 decks)

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