High Yield PTEexam review part 42-43

Question 1

Rank the VSD in terms of incidence from most common to least common (All 4)

Answer 1

1. Membranous VSD - 70%
2. Muscular (Trabecular) - 20%
3. Inlet - 5%
4. Outlet (Subpulmonic) 5%

Question 2

What is the difference between piezoelectric effect* and *reverse piezoelectric effect?

Answer 2

piezoelectric = Conversion of sound to electrical signal

Reverse piezoelectric = Conversion of electrical signal to sound

Question 3

What does the matching layer do to the energy of sound?

Answer 3

Increases efficiency of sound energy transfer into the body

Question 4

What does the backing material layer function to do?

Answer 4

1. Reduces ringing
2. Shortens spatial pulse length
3. Improves spatial resolution
4. Decreases Q factor

Question 5

What specific substance is found in the piezoelectric crystal?

Answer 5

Lead Zirconate Titanate

Question 6

What is the formula for Q factor?

Answer 6

Resonant Frequency / Bandwidth

Question 7

How would you calculate a right sided dP/dT?

Answer 7

Measure at 1 and 2 m/s on TR jet

Equation = (12 mmHg / time)

Question 8

What is an abnormal RV dP/dT?

Answer 8

< 400 mmHg/sec = Abnormal

Question 9

How would you calculate a myocardial performance index for the Right heart?

What is abnormal?

Answer 9

TG RV inflow / outflow

Abnormal = <0.4 via PWD

Abnormal = <0.55 in TDI

Question 10

What is abnormal RV FAC?

What view is obtained here?

Answer 10

<35%

ME RV focused 4 chamber

Question 11

What is abnormal RVEF by cardiac MRI?

Answer 11

<45%

Question 12

What is Abnormal Tissue Doppler peak lateral tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (s’) of the RV?

Answer 12

< 10 cm/sec

Question 13

What is abnormal RV free wall 2D strain?

Answer 13

A value more positive than -20 is abnormal

Question 14

What value for RV isovolumetric acceleration is abnormal?

Answer 14

< 2.2 m/s²