Neurosnstomy

Question 1

2 parts of the nervous system

Answer 1

central
peripheral

Question 2

major divisions of the brain?

Answer 2

forebrain
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
midbrain
hindbrain
- pons
- medulla - where spinal cord attaches to

Question 3

define rostral

Answer 3

towards the nose
so the direction has a curvature

Question 4

what does caudal mean?

Answer 4

towards the tail (or feet in our case)

Question 5

difference between dorsal and ventral

Answer 5

dorsal - towards the back
ventral - towards the front

Question 6

What makes up grey matter?

Answer 6

neurones and processes

Question 7

What makes up white matter?

Answer 7

myelin sheath of axons

Question 8

What are association fibres?

Answer 8

Fibres that remain within one hemisphere (l/r)

Question 9

What are commissural fibres?

Answer 9

firbres the pass between hemispheres

Question 10

What is the anterior commissure?

Answer 10

important in mri and radiology as a landmark

Question 11

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 11

carries the main bulk of fibres between the two hemispheres

Question 12

what are projection fibres?

Answer 12

no idea

Question 13

Where can you see white matter without cutting into the brain?

Answer 13

pons is one of the few areas

Question 14

Where is the central sulcus?

Answer 14

divides the brain anteriorly and posteriorly
between frontal lobe and parietal lobe
divides the motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex

Question 15

Which brain structure is highly folded?

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

What is the difference between sulci and gyri?

Answer 16

gyri - crests
sulci - grooves

Question 17

What is a sulcus?

Answer 17

groove in the surface of the brain

Question 18

What is a gyrus?

Answer 18

A crest on the surface of the brain

Question 19

What is the first cranial nerve?

Answer 19

olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

Question 20

What is the insula?

Answer 20

emotion, homeostasis, perception
covered by the opercula

Question 21

What separates the motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 21

central sulcus

Question 22

How is it decided how much of the motor cortex is dedicated to controlling the different movements of different body parts?

Answer 22

complexity of movement
so as much dedicated to thumb as is to the bodily trunk

Question 23

difference between paritetal and temporal? (crude difference)

Answer 23

parietal more interested in where stuff is, temporal in what stuff is

Question 24

What is the occipital lobe concerned with?

Answer 24

vision
stria of Gennari - first cortex synapse for vision

Question 25

What are the 6 layers of the neocortex? SPLIT INTO 3 - these are not concrete rules

Answer 25

Different cell populations in each layer, they also run in columns
different functions - higher ones have input from other cortical areas, project to other cortical areas, input from thalamus
middle project to brainstem and spinal cord
lower down ones project to thalamus
layers and columns different distinctness and thickness across different areas of the brain

Question 26

What is petenglia?

Answer 26

right frontal lobe sticks out a bit further forward than left
left occipital lobe sticks out backwards a bit more
due to language area assymetry

Question 27

what are the outside layers of the brain?

Answer 27

Skin
Bone
3 meninges layers
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater with trabeculae and subarachnoid space)
- pia mater
white matter

Question 28

How does the dura mater divide the brain?

Answer 28

it dips down into some of the grooves

Question 29

What blood draining systems are in the dura mater?

Answer 29

superior saggital sinus
inferior saggital sinus
straight sinus - near cerebellum?

Question 29

What are cisternes?

Answer 29

areas of cerebrospinal fluid