Mineralogy Intro

Question 1

According to Geology, what is a mineral?

Answer 1

Naturally occurring
Inorganic solid
Orderly Crystalline Structure
Has a chemical formula

Question 2

A mineral forms by itself in nature without any aide from humans.

Answer 2

Naturally occuring

Question 3

Lab grown minerals

Answer 3

Synthetic minerals

Question 4

Do not contain any organic materials. However, minerals can be produced organically through biogenic processes.

Answer 4

Inorganic

Question 5

Minerals produced by living organisms.

Answer 5

Biominerals

Question 6

Minerals’ atoms are arranged in a specific order that gives them their crystalline structure.

Answer 6

Ordered crystalline Structure

Question 7

Materials that possess a geometric crystal structure.

Answer 7

Crystals

Question 8

“Minerals” that do not possess an ordered crystalline structure.

Answer 8

Amorphous

Question 9

Minerals have a specific ratio of atoms, but does not have to have a fixed composition.

Answer 9

Definite chemical formula

Question 10

A range of minerals that occurs or belong in a range of chemical compositions.

Answer 10

Mineral Series

Question 11

Plagioclase Feldspar

Answer 11

(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)AlSi2O8

Question 12

Mineral-like materials but lack one or more of the criteria of a mineral.

Answer 12

Mineraloid

Question 13

Durable, beautiful, somewhat rare, solid substances that, with proper cut and polish, may be used as jewels for ornamentation.

Answer 13

Gem

Question 14

A mineral that can occur in a different colors, habits or other properties.

Answer 14

Mineral Variety

Question 15

A range of minerals that occurs or belong in a range of chemical compositions.

Answer 15

Mineral Series

Question 16

Early humans made use of minerals for creating the historic cave paintings. They utilized red hematite and black manganese oxides as pigments.

Answer 16

Stone Age

Question 17

Minerals were mined for the extraction of metals.

Answer 17

Bronze Age

Question 18

Who categorized 16 minerals into three groups: metals, stones, and earth and when?

Answer 18

Theophrastus (327-287 BC)

Question 19

The Father of Economic Geology
-published the first account of mining practices and information on minerals.

Answer 19

Georgius Agricola

Question 20

The book made by Georgius Agricola (what year)

Answer 20

De Re Metallica Libri XII in 1556

Question 21

The Father of Stratigraphy
also known for studying and discovering constant crystal face angles in 1669.

Answer 21

Nicolas Steno

Question 22

Invented the Contact Goniometer in 1780

Answer 22

Arnould Carangeot

Question 23

Studied and created more work on crystal angle measurement, confirming Steno’s work and formulated the Law of the Consistency of Interfacial Angle in 1783.

Answer 23

Rome de I’sle

Question 24

Conceptualized that crystals were made of minute building blocks or unit cells which he called Integral Molecules in 1784, and further developed the Theory of Rational Indences for Crystal Faces in 1801.

Answer 24

Rene Just Hauy

Question 25

Invented the reflecting goniometer in 1809. which permitted precise measurements of crystal faces, and had the mineral Wollastonite named after him.

Answer 25

William Hyde Wollaston

Question 26

Developed the chemical classification of minerals together with his students between 1719 - 1848.

Answer 26

Baron Jons Jacob Berzelius

Question 27

Invented the polarizing microscope in 1828

Answer 27

William Nicol