Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

coordinate behaviour
respond to surroundings

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1
Q

Use of neurons

A

carry electrical impulses

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2
Q

Neurones adaptations

A

many dendrites: connect to more, pass more msg
myelin sheath: insulates impulses, speeds up impulse conduction

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3
Q

what are synapses, how do they work

A

gap between neurones
neurotransmitters are released to pass electrical impulses in a chemical way
post- receptors synapse membrane doesn’t allow backflow of impulses
electric current triggered and is transmission is continued

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4
Q

possible problems with synapses

A

interfered by other imitating or blocking chemicals
v drugs to deal

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5
Q

3 types of neurones

A

sensory, relay, motor

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6
Q

components and uses of CNS

A

brain + spinal cord
take in sensory info, instruct body to work

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7
Q

flow chart from stimulus to response

A

stimulus → receptor cells → sensory neurone → CNS (relay neurone) → motor neurone → effector → respons

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8
Q

spine isnt the same as spinal chord

A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

types of receptors

A

eyes (light), ears (sound), nose (chemical), pain, pressure (KE / chem), temperature (thermal)

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11
Q

what’s a reflex arc

A

it’s the nerve pathway that underlies our unconscious reflexes
rapid and automatic, involuntary
avoid danger, protect

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12
Q

how is a reflex arc different from a normal reaction

A

a reflex arc doesn’t involve the brain, only spinal cord

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13
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment
Body temp & water content

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14
Q

What does co-ordinated response require

A

Stimulus, receptor, effector

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15
Q

Function of lens

A

Change shape to bend light onto retina

16
Q

Lens vs cornea in terms of light refraction

A

Cornea: refracts light in the same amount, x flexible
Lens: adjust amount of light refracted

17
Q

Function of optic nerve

A

Neurones to carry impulse

18
Q

Suspensions ligament isn’t a muscle

A
19
Q

What’s special about the blind spot

A

There aren’t any cones or rods, x image forms

20
Q

What is the fovea (spelling!)

A

Place where light should bend to

21
Q

What are the 2 types of cells the retina contain

A
  1. Cone cells: works in bright light, sensitive to red, green, blue, found in fovea only
  2. Rod cells: works in dim light, only black and white, found all over the retina
22
Q
A

A: vitreous humour
B: lens
C: cornea
D: pupil
E: iris (control pupil size)
F: sclera
G: optic nerves
H: choroid (spelling!)
I: aqueous humour
J: ciliary muscle
K: suspensory ligament (fibre)
L: fovea
M: blind spot

23
Q
A

A: vitreous humour
B: lens
C: cornea
D: pupil
E: iris (control pupil size)
F: sclera
G: optic nerves
H: choroid (spelling!)
I: aqueous humour
J: ciliary muscle
K: suspensory ligament (fibre)
L: fovea
M: blind spot

24
Q

Circulatory muscles and radial muscles are found in the iris,
Which one is the inner muscle

A

Circulatory muscle is the inner one

25
Q

Iris reflex under bright light

A

Circulatory muscles contract
Radial muscles relax
Constricted / smaller pupil to prevent too much light entering which may bleach the eye

26
Q

Iris reflex under dim light

A

Circular muscles relax, radial muscles contract
Dilated pupil, allow more light in

27
Q

Where are the suspensory ligament and ciliary muscles located

A

Suspensory ligaments (fibres) and attached to the lens and the ciliary muscles

28
Q

Focusing on near object

A

Ciliary muscle contract, suspensory ligament slackens
Fat lens, curve, more refraction

29
Q

Focusing on distant objs

A

Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligament becomes taut
Thin lens, slight light refraction

30
Q

Suspensory ligament can’t contract

A