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Animal Physiology > Unit 1 - Chps. 1, 5-7, and 23 > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chps. 1, 5-7, and 23 Flashcards

UNT BIOL 3800, Dr. Welch

1
Q

List the three chemical classes of hormones and provide an example of each

A

A. Peptide Hormone (ex. insulin, HGH, glucagon)
B. Steroid (ex. estrogen, testosterone, cortisol)
C. Amino acid (ex. Dopamine, catecholamine, epiniphrine)

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2
Q

How are peptide hormones synthsized and stored?

A

Made in advance, stored in secretory vesicles

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3
Q

How are steroid hormones synthesized and stored?

A

Made on demand, cannot be stored since lipid-soluble

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4
Q

How are peptide hormones released from parent cells?

A

Through exocytosis

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5
Q

How are steroid hormones released from parent cells?

A

Through simple diffusion

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6
Q

Where are the receptors for peptide hormones?

A

On the cell membrane

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7
Q

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones?

A

In the cytoplasm or nucleus

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8
Q

How are amino acid hormones synthesized and stored?

A

Made in advance, stored in secretory vesicles.

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9
Q

How are amino acid hormones released from parent cells?

A

Catecholamines - through exocytosis
Thyroid hormones - through transport proteins

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10
Q

Where are the receptors for catecholamine amino acid hormones?

A

On the cell membrane

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11
Q

Where are the receptors for thyroid (amino acid) hormones?

A

On the promoter region of DNA

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12
Q

How are peptide hormones transported through the blood?

A

They are dissolved in plasma

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13
Q

How are catecholamine hormones transported through the blood?

A

They are dissolved in plasma

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14
Q

How are thryoid hormones transported through the blood?

A

They are bound to carrier proteins

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15
Q

How are steroid hormones transported through the blood?

A

They are bound to carrier proteins

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16
Q

What is the half-life of a peptide hormone?

A

Short half-life

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17
Q

What is the half-life of a catecholamine hormone?

A

Short half-life

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18
Q

What is the half-life of a thyroid hormone?

A

Long half-life

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19
Q

What is the half-life of a steroid hormone?

A

Long half-life

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20
Q

What is the receptor type and action for peptide hormones?

A

Activation of second messengers through GPCR and IP3 pathway

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21
Q

What is the receptor type and action for catecholamine hormones?

A

Activation of second messengers

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22
Q

What is the receptor type and action for thyroid hormones?

A

Activation of gene transcription and translation

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23
Q

What is the receptor type and action for steroid hormones?

A

Activation of gene transcription and translation; may have nongenomic actions

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24
Q

What is the general target response for peptide hormones?

A

Modify existing proteins and induce new protein synthesis

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25
Q

What is the general target response for catecholamine hormones?

A

Modify existing proteins

26
Q

What is the general target response for thyroid hormones?

A

Induction of new proteins

27
Q

What is the general target response for steroid hormones?

A

Induction of new proteins

28
Q

Where are hormones such as TRH, CRH, GHRH and dopamine produced?

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

Where are hormones such as TSH, ACTH, GH, and LH produced?

A

Anterior Pit.

30
Q

Where are the hormones Oxytocin and ADH produced?

A

Posterior Pit.

31
Q

Where are the hormones T3 and T4 produced?

A

Thyroid

32
Q

Where is the hormone PTH produced?

A

Parathyroid

33
Q

Where are hormones Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin produced?

A

Pancreas

34
Q

Where are the hormones Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Adrenal Androgens produced?

A

Adrenal Cortex

35
Q

Where are the hormones Epinephrine and Norepinephrine produced?

A

Adrenal Medulla

36
Q

Where is the hormone melatonin produced?

A

Pineal gland

37
Q

What tissue is the posterior pituitary gland made of?

A

Nervous tissue, secretes neurohormones

38
Q

What is the neurohypophysis?

A

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland

39
Q

What is the adenohypophysis (or pars distal)?

A

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland

40
Q

What tissue is the anterior pituitary gland made of?

A

Epithelial glandular tissue

41
Q

What is the stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain?

A

the Infunidibulum

42
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

A

a portal system

43
Q

What cells release the anterior pit. hormones?

A

Endocrine cells

44
Q

What is the target of the prolactin hormone?

A

Mammary glands

45
Q

What is the target of GH?

A

Musculoskeletal system

46
Q

What is the target of TSH?

A

Thyroid gland

47
Q

What is the target of ACTH?

A

Adrenal cortex

48
Q

What is the target of LH?

A

Ovary

49
Q

What is the target of FSH?

A

Testis

50
Q

What is synergism?

A

When 2 hormones have a combined effect that is greater than the additive of their isolated response

51
Q

What is permissiveness?

A

When one hormone allows another hormone to exert its full effect

52
Q

What are antagoinstic hormones?

A

Hormones that have opposing effects

53
Q

Hypersecretion

A

excess hormone, exagerates a hormone’s effect (caused by tumors)

54
Q

Hyposecretion

A

deficient hormone, diminshes or eliminates a hormone’s effect (caused by decreased synthesis)

55
Q

Down-regulation

A

Decreased number of receptors in response to abnormal high hormone levels

56
Q

Pathway of Dopamine

A

Hypothalamus – > Dopamine
Anterior Pit. –> Prolactin
Mammary glands –> secrete milk

57
Q

Pathway of TRH

A

Hypothalamus –> TRH
Anterior Pit. –> TSH
Thyroid gland –> T3, T4

58
Q

Pathway of CRH

A

Hypothalamus –> CRH
Anterior Pit. –> ACTH
Adrenal Cortex –> Cortisol

59
Q

Pathway of Somatostatin

A

Hypothalamus –> Somatostatin
Anterior Pit. –> GH
Liver –> IGFs

60
Q

Pathway of GHRH

A

Hypothalamus –> GHRH
Anterior Pit. –> GH
Liver –> IGFs

61
Q

Pathway of GnRH

A

Hypothalamus –> GnRH
Anterior Pit. –> Gonadotropins (FSH/LH)
1) Germ cells
2) Testes –> Androgens
3) Ovary –> Estrogen & Progestrone

Animal Physiology (3 decks)

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