Chapter 7: Networks, Groups, and Organizations

Question 1

what is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 1

say something is an individuals fault because of their personality and ignore situational or environmental factors that influence behaviour

Question 2

what is a social network

Answer 2

social ties that link us together

Question 3

what are nodes?

Answer 3

individuals, organizations, or entities within a network

Question 4

what are links?

Answer 4

links are the connections between nodes in a network

Question 5

what is distance in terms of social networks?

Answer 5

number of nodes it takes for one node to reach the other

Question 6

what are weighted ties?

Answer 6

it is the strength of the connection between the nodes. the strength is based on how frequently they interact, who the nodes are, and what info gets exchanged

Question 7

weak ties vs strong ties

Answer 7

weak - acquaintances, coworkers
strong - family, partners, good friends

Question 8

what is a social capital

Answer 8

it is the resources an individual accrues through connection with other people or social networks

Question 9

what is social support?

Answer 9

offerian material and emotional support to protect one from stress

Question 10

what is the intensity of support you receive based on?

Answer 10

the strength of the ties, the size of the network, and how much you can contribute to your network. the stronger the network, the more support available. same with larger networks.

Question 11

what is homophily?

Answer 11

the tendency of people to have ties to others who are similar to themselves. vouching for those that are like you.

Question 12

what are social aggregates?

Answer 12

groups of people at a particular place

Question 13

What are social categories?

Answer 13

groups based on common feature

Question 14

what are secondary and primary social groups?

Answer 14

secondary groups are similar to weak ties (coworkers, classmates)

primary groups are more closely ties (family).

Question 15

what is a social group?

Answer 15

a group where members interact regularly and share expectations for behaviour

Question 16

define group behaviour

Answer 16

people will engage in acts when they are in a group that they would not have otherwise engaged in if they were alone

Question 17

what is group think?

Answer 17

the pressure to conform to the group despite your own misgivings

Question 18

why do people conform when in a group?

Answer 18

to avoid ridicule and embarrassment

Question 19

four components of group behaviour

Answer 19

1) fear of ridicule - the desire to avoid ridicule leads people to conform
2) loyalty - engaging in risky behavior solidifies friendships
3) status - engage in risky behaviour to maintain status in a group
4) diffusion of moral responsibility - sharing the blame/guilt

Question 20

what are organizations?

Answer 20

social structures created by people working together to achieve a goal

Question 21

define rationalization

Answer 21

the pursuit of goals in a systematic and ordered manner

Question 22

formal rationality

Answer 22

the mos effiecient means to achieving a goal

Question 23

what are bureacracies?

Answer 23

rational systems—rules, procedures, structures, methods—for running complex organizations

Question 24

what are the three kinds of authority?

Answer 24

traditional - derived through long-estabilished traditions

charismatic - derived from someones character

rational-legal - derived from legal orders

Question 25

iron cage of rationality

Answer 25

being trapped in a system of efficiency which strips us of our identity/humanity

Question 26

inertia

Answer 26

continuring established rules and routines even if they are ineffective

Question 27

institutions

Answer 27

taken for granted repetitive social behavious like important customs and conventions of how we should behave (handshake)