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Biology > B4 Organising Animals And Plants > Flashcards

B4 Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components in blood

A

Plasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

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2
Q

Function of red blood cell

A

Carries oxygen and delivers it throughout our body

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3
Q

Function of white blood cell

A

Help the body fight infection and other diseases

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4
Q

Function of plasma

A

Takes nutrients, hormones and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

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5
Q

Function of platelets

A

To prevent and stop bleeding

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6
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels

A

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

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7
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood pumped away from the heart

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8
Q

Veins

A

Returns blood to the heart

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins

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10
Q

Function of heart

A

Pumps blood and oxygen around the body

Delivers waste products back to the lungs to be removed

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11
Q

Main structures of human heart

A

4 chambers

Left atrium and right atrium (top)

Left and right ventricles (bottom)

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12
Q

Examples of problems that can develop in blood vessels in the human heart

A

Angina

Heart attacks

Heart failure

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13
Q

Process of blood clotting

A

Constriction of the blood vessel

Formation of temporary platelet plug

Activation of coagulation cascade

Formatiom of final clot

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14
Q

How red blood cells adapted to their function

A

They are small and flexible so they can fit through narrow vessels

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15
Q

Function of left and right ventricle

A

Right ventricle - pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Left ventricle - recieves oxygen-rich blood from the lungs

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16
Q

Function of left and right atrium

A

Right atrium - recieves oxygen-poor blood from the body

Left atrium - recieves blood full of oxygen from the lungs

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17
Q

Stent

A

Tube constructed of a metallic alloy or a polymer

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18
Q

Statin

A

Drugs that can lower your cholesterol

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19
Q

Advantages of stents

A

Help blood flow

Stops heart attacks

Improve symptoms such as shotness of breath

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20
Q

Disadvantages of stents

A

Bleeding

Blood clot inside stent

Stroke

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21
Q

Advantages of statin

A

Reduce a person’s chance of having a heart attack or stroke

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22
Q

Disadvantages of statin

A

Dizziness

Feeling sick

Feeling physically tired

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23
Q

Importance of a double circulatory system

A

Ensures body always has a dedicated supply of oxygen

Improves body efficiency

24
Q

How white blood cells are adapted to their function

A

Can change shape to squeeze out of blood vessels

25
Q

Pacemaker

A

Group of cells that maintain a heartbeat

26
Q

What happens in alveoli

A

Gas exchanges

27
Q

Ways in which the heart can stop functioning efficiently

A

High blood pressure

28
Q

How alveoli are adapted

A

Thin walls provide gases with a short diffusion distance

Moist walls - gases dissolve jn the moisture

29
Q

Process of ventilation

A

Movement of air through passages between the atmosphere and the lungs

30
Q

Why people may have objections to heart transplants

A

If they are too ill or frail to cope with the surgery and aftercare

31
Q

Why an irregular heartbeat is detrimental to health

A

Arrhythmias can damage the heart, brain or other organs

32
Q

How plant organs are involved in the transport system

A

Xylem and phloem transports the products of photosynthesis including sugars and amino acids

33
Q

Why transport in plants is important

A

Plants transport all the nutrients and water it needs for survival from its roots to the tips of the leaves

34
Q

State the functions of different plant tissues

A

Dermal tissue - cover and protects the plant

Vascular tissue - transports water, minerals and sugars

Ground tissue - a site of photosynthesis

35
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to other parts of the plant

36
Q

Phloem

A

Transports sucrose and amino acids

37
Q

Describe evidence for movement of water through xylem

A

Root pressure pushes water up

38
Q

How a natural pacemaker maintains the heart beat

A

Sinus node generates a new electrical impulse which spreads out through the heart’s upper chambers

39
Q

Examples of plant organ structures

A

Roots

Stems

Leaves

40
Q

How the rate of transport through a plant can be measured

A

By measuring the distance travelled by an air bubble in a capillary tube over a given time

41
Q

Function of stomata

A

Regulate gas exchange between the plant and environment and control of water loss

42
Q

The factors that affect transpiration

A

Temperature

Humidity

Air movement

Light intensity

43
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water vapour from the leaves

44
Q

How a potometer can be used to estimate the volume of water lost by a plant

A

By recording the time taken for a bubble in the tube to move a set distance

45
Q

Mass potometer

A

Measures transpiration through loss of mass

46
Q

Why temperature affects the rate of transpiration

A

As the temperature rises, the water evaporates faster

47
Q

Why humidity affects the rate of transpiration

A

Easier for water to evaporate into dryer air than into more saturated air

48
Q

Why light intensity affects the rate of transpiration

A

Plants open their stomata in response to light, allowing water vapour to escape from the leaves

49
Q

Why amount of air flow affects the rate of transpiration

A

Increased movement of the air around a plant will result in a higher transpiration rate

50
Q

How the opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells

A

The turgor pressure in the guard cells controls the opening and closing of the guard cells

51
Q

How transpiration maintains the movement of water from roots to leaves

A

Transpiration is tranported to the leaves through the xylem

52
Q

Adaptations in plants to control water loss

A

Thick waxy cuticles create a barrier to evaporation

53
Q

How stomata control transpiration

A

Guard cells increase or decrease the size of the pore with changes in their turgor status

54
Q

Where is the pancreas

A

Between stomach and large intestine

55
Q

Where is the liver

A

Next to the stomach

Bigger than pancreas

56
Q

What does pH mean

A

Potential of hydrogen

Biology (4 decks)

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