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2nd sem-Parasitology PRELIM > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of parasite

A

Protozoa (unicellular) and Metozoa (multicellular)

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2
Q

Types of Protozoa

A

Sarcondina (amoebas)
Mastigapora (flagellates)
Cilliata (ciliates)
Sporozoa

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3
Q

Types of Metozoa

A

Platyhelminthes
Nemahelminthes

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4
Q

Types of Platyhelminthes

A

Cestodes (tapeworm)
Trematodes (flukes)

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5
Q

Single celled eukaryotes.

No cell wall, instead periplast (cell-wall like).

Contains 1 or several nuclei.

A

PROTOZOA

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6
Q

Endoplasm contain food preserve, food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles, and chromatoidal bodies.

A

PROTOZOA

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7
Q

With special organs for locomotion: pseudopodia, cilia, undulating membrane or flagella.

A

PROTOZOA

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8
Q

Both free living and parasitic.

A

PROTOZOA

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9
Q

Protozoa 2 regions of the cytoplasm

A

ectoplasm ( outer) and endoplasm (inner).

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10
Q

Organ of Locomotion for Sarcodina (amoeba)

A

Pseudopods

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11
Q

Organ of Locomotion for Mastigapora (flagellates)

A

Flagella

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12
Q

Organ of Locomotion for Ciliata (ciliates)

A

Cilia

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13
Q

Organ of Locomotion for Sporozoa

A

None

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14
Q

Use pseudopodia for locomotion.

A

CLASS RHIZOPODA (amoeba)

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15
Q

the only pathogenic amoeba.

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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16
Q

Motile. Can be progressive or non-progressive.
Non infective stage.
Feeding and vegetative stage.
Found in diarrhea and liquid stool.
Can be destroyed by iodine.
Encystation: trophozoite to cyst formation at the large intestine.
The endplasm may contain rbc, bacteria or vacuoles

A

Tropozoite

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17
Q

amoeba that does not reside the large intestine

A

Entamoeba Gingivalis

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18
Q

Ovoid or spherical shape.
Non-motile stage.
Cytoplasm has presence of chromatoidal bodies.
Non feeding stage, infective stage.
Found in formed stools.
Excystation: cyst to trophozoite formation at the small intestine.

A

Cyst

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19
Q

Types of Rhyzopodia Amoebas

A

Entamoeba Histolytica
Entamoeba Coli
Entamoeba Gingivalis
Entamoeba Hartmanni
Iodoamoeba Butschlii
Endolimax Nana

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20
Q

Diseases linked with Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Amoebiasis,
Amoebic dysentery,
Amoebic hepatitis

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21
Q

Other names for Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Amoeba coli,
Entamoeba dispan,
Entamoeba dysenteriae,
Amoeba dysenteriae.

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22
Q

Progressive/directional motion.
Finger like dendritic pseudopodia
Endoplasm contains RBC’s but no bacteria
Nucleus: thin nuclear membrane with layer of uniformed sized fine chromatin granules
Karyosome: fine centrally located ( bull’s eye)

A

Entamoeba Histolytica (Trophozoite)

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23
Q

Centrally located karyosome
Coffin shaped or sausage shape chromatoidal bars
Contains 4 nuclei.
Remains viable for 12 days in moist cool environment and 9-30 days in water.

A

Entamoeba Histolytica (Cyst)

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24
Q

Pathogenic which can invade tissues

A

large race E. Histolytica

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25
Q

Sign and symptoms:

Abdominal tenderness with diarrhea to dysentery which lasted for several days.

Prolong infection causes excessive lost of water and electrolytes that result to damage to large intestine.

Peritonitis occurs when intestinal walls is perforated due to bacterial invasion.

Bleeding due to ulceration of colon.

A

Pathogenesis (E. Histolytica.)

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26
Q

Non-pathogenic-____ E. Histolytica.

A

small race E. Histolytica.

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27
Q

Inflammation of the liver due to extraintestinal invasion of E. Histolytica. Clinical presentations are hepatomegaly, fever and leucocytosis.

A

Amoebic hepatitis-

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28
Q

Most common in tropic and sub-tropic areas example Philippines.

A

Amoebic hepatitis

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29
Q

Chromatoidal bodies resemble rice grain-shape or thin fan-like.
Eccentric karyosome.

A

ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI

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29
Q

Small race E. histolytica

Trophozoite does not ingest RBCs

Causes only mild abdominal infection to human.

A

ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI

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30
Q

Other name for ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI

A

E. minuta,
E. minutissima

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31
Q

Other name for ENTAMOEBA COLI

A

Amoeba coli,
Endamoeba hominis,
Laschia coli.

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32
Q

Moves at different direction/ sluggish motion

Several small pseudopods.

Endoplasm contains bacteria and food vacuoles.

A

ENTAMOEBA COLI (trophozoite)

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33
Q

Nucleus consist of thicker nuclear membrane with layer of variously sized chromatin granules unevenly distributed.

Large eccentrically located nucleus.

A

ENTAMOEBA COLI (trophozoite)

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34
Q

Eccentric karyosome.
Chromatoidal bars is like splinter-like needles “witch broomstick”.
Contains 8 nuclei

A

ENTAMOEBA COLI (cyst)

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35
Q

Resides in the large intestine.
Smallest amoeba ( RBC in size).
Sluggish movement.

A

ENDOLIMAX NANA

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36
Q

Karyosome: large round dot.
Cyst: oval and contains 4 nuclei.
Comma shaped chromatoidal bodies

A

ENDOLIMAX NANA

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37
Q

Other name for ENDOLIMAX NANA

A

Entamoeba nana,
Endolimax intestinalis

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38
Q

Other name for IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII

A

E. williamsi,
E. butschlii,
Iodine cyst,
Endolimax. williamsi

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39
Q

Progressive direction

Karyosome: large irregular and rounded with a cluster of acromatic granules

A

IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII

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40
Q

Inhabits the intestine of human and pigs.

Cyst contain glycogen vacuoles appears a golden-brown by D’ Antoni’s.

Non-pathogenic.

A

IODAMOEBA BUTSCHLII

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41
Q

Other name for ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

A

A. gingivalis,
A. buccalis,
E. buccalis

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42
Q

Found in the mouth
Pseudopodia is the same with E. Histolytica but does not exhibit progressive movement.

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

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43
Q

Small and centrally located karyosome.

Cytoplasm contains food vacuole with leukocytes and bacteria.

No cystic stage.

Transmitted through kissing, droplets, contaminated utensils.

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

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44
Q

Other entamoeba species

A

Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Entamoeba polecki

45
Q

Unicellular organism that posses flagella a whip like or thread-like organelles for locomotion.
Can be free-living or parasitic.

A

MASTIGAPHORA (flagellate)

46
Q

Neuromotor apparatus: kinetoplast consist of blepharoplasty and parabasal body.

A

MASTIGAPHORA (flagellate)

47
Q

Resides in small intestine except trichomonas tenax (oral cavity) and trichomonas vaginalis (vagina).

A

MASTIGAPHORA (flagellate)

48
Q

Digestive tract and organ flagellates

A

Chilomastix mesnilli
Giardia lamblia
Trichomas vaginalis, T. tenax and T. hominis
Enteromonas hominis
Embadomonas intestinalis

49
Q

Blood and tissue flagellate (LEISHMANIA)

A

L. Tropica
L. Braziliensis
L. Donovani

50
Q

Blood and tissue flagellates (TRYPANOSOMA)

A

T. rhodiense
T. gambiense
T. cruzi

51
Q

Pear shape, bilaterally symmetrical
With sucking disk
4 pairs of flagella
2 nuclei with large karyosome

A

Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)

52
Q

Falling leaf, rapid, jerky, twisting, kite-like motility.
Old mans face/old man with eyeglasses appearance.
The only bilaterally symmetrical protozoan.

A

Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)

53
Q

2-4 nuclei, foot ball shape

A

Giardia lamblia (Cyst)

54
Q

Diseases for Giardia Lamblia

A

Giardiasis,
Lambliasis

55
Q

Symptoms:
Abdominal pain
Diarhhea
Gastro enteritis in children
Steatorrhea ( fatty diarhhea)

A

Giardiasis,
Lambliasis

56
Q

Large spherical nucleus (eccentrically located).

Spiral groove curving across the body

3 anterior flagella 1 with n the cytosome

Corkscrew, jerky, clockwise or twisting appearance.

A

Chilomastix mesnili (Trophozoite)

57
Q

Lemon to oval shape or nipple-like with protrusion in 1 end.
“Shepherd’s crook appearance”
Non-pathogenic.

A

Chilomastix mesnili (Cyst)

58
Q

In trohozoite form only
Pear shaped
With undulating membrane
Motility: jerking and tumbling

A

Trichomonas

59
Q

The largest among the trichomonas.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

60
Q

Contain siderophil granules in the cytoplasm.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

61
Q

Ovoid shape
Found in genitals
4 anterior flagella and 1 posterior.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

62
Q

Transmission: sexual intercourse
Other organs of the genito-urinary tract can be infected.
Asymptomatic in male.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

63
Q

The smallest trichomonas.
4 equal in length anterior flagella.
Undulating membrane is short.
Found in the oral cavity.

A

Trichomonas Tenax

64
Q

Vaginal infection: inflammation, itchiness, pain, and excessive production of mucous.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

65
Q

Non-pathogenic.
3-5 anterior flagella.
Long undulating membrane.
Wave-like motility.
Resides in the large intestine.

A

Trichomonas hominis

66
Q

Formerly belong to amoeba, but genetically belong to trichomonas.

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

67
Q

Causes primary amoebic menigoencephalitis (PAM).

A

Naegleria fowleri.

68
Q

Trophozoite stage only

No external flagella

Binucleated, centrally located karyosome.

Coinfection of Enterobius vermicularis

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

69
Q

Can be amoeba or flagellate in form.

Trophozoite assumes limax form to become amoeboflagelatte.

Acquire through diving or swimming during hot weather.

A

Naegleria fowleri.

70
Q

Causes keratitis due to contact lenses
Causes granulomatous encephalitis (GAE)

A

Acantamoeba

71
Q

Coexist of legionella pneumophilia

A

Hartmannella

72
Q

free-living amoeba that resides in CNS.

A

Opportunistic Amoeba-

73
Q

HEMOFLAGELLATES affects

A

blood, lymph nodes and muscles.

74
Q

round to oval with 1 eccentric nucleus, No flagella.

A

Amastigote

74
Q

4 stages of Hemoflagellates

A

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

75
Q

long, slender with 1 centrally located nucleus. Single flagellum from the anterior. No undulating membrane.

A

Promastigote

76
Q

long and slender C, S, U shape. 1 anterior located nucleus. Presence of undulating membrane and flagellum.

A

Trypomastigote

77
Q

long slightly wider than promatigote with 1 posterior located nucleus. Distinct undulating membrane.

A

Epimastigote

77
Q

Causes of African sleeping sickness.

A

Trypanosoma

78
Q

Affects blood, lymph nodes, and CNS resulting to Meningoencephalitis that leads to comatose.

A

Trypanosoma

79
Q

Pathology: Winterbottoms sign, Kerandels sign, Somnolence, and comatose.

A

Trypanosoma

80
Q

Transmission of Trypanosoma

A

Insect Bite

81
Q

Vector of Trypanosoma

A

Riverine Tsetse fly (Glossina ssp.)

82
Q

Habitat: blood, lympnodes and CNS
Vector: Glossina Palpalis, G. Tachinoides
Cause Chronic infection.

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

83
Q

West African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

84
Q

East African Sleeping sickness.

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

85
Q

American trypanosomiasis, Chaga’s disease, Romanas sign.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

86
Q

Vector: Glossina morsitans, and G. palpalis
Causes acute infection- fatal than gambiense.

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

87
Q

Habitat: RTE, cardiac muscle and CNS.

Vector: Kissing bug or Reduviid bug, Assassin bug.

Pathology: Romanas sign, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, megacolon.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

88
Q

Vector: Sandfly (phlebotomus spp.)
Diagnostic stage in man: amastigote.
Culture media: Novy Nicole Mcneal(NNN).
Montenegro test: used for screening.

A

Leishmania

88
Q

Diseases for Leishmania Donovani

A

Visceral leishmaniasis,
Kala-azar,
Dumdum fever,
Black fever,
Death fever,
Tropical splenomegaly.

89
Q

Habitat: RTE, liver, spleen, BM, visceral lymp nodes and marcophages
Vector: Phlebotomus Argentipes
Pathology: Splenomegaly with anemia

A

Leishmania donovani

90
Q

Diseases for Leishmania Tropica

A

Allepo button,
Baghdad or Jericho boil,
Delhi ulcer.
Oriental sore
Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

91
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense other names

A

Trypanosoma ugandense
T. hominis
T. nigeriense
Castellanella gambiense

92
Q

Diseases for Balantidium coli

A

Balantidiasis, Balantidial dysentery.

93
Q

Largest parasitic protozoa

A

Balantidium coli

94
Q

Natural host: pig
Habitat: large intestine
Pathology: abdominal discomfort with dysentery

A

Balantidium coli

95
Q

ovoid or sac shape covered by cilia. Cytoplasm contain macronucleus, micronucleus and food vacuoles. type of cilate

A

Balantidium coli

96
Q

double walled enclosing cilia (infective stage) type of ciliate

A

Balantidium coli

97
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite.
No definite locomotion.
Asexual and sexual life cycle.

A

SPOROZOA

98
Q

Plasmodium species

A

P. falciparum- most common in the phil.
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae

99
Q

most common Plasmodium species in the phil.

A

P. falciparum

100
Q

most important disease of human on a worldwide scale

A

Malaria

101
Q

Definitive host: Mosquito
Intermediate host: Man
Infective stage: Sporozoites
Vector: Anopheles mosquito (female)
Asexual cycle: Schizogony (man)
Sexual cycle: Sporogony (mosquito)

A

Plasmodium

102
Q

spore-forming stage of plasmodium that produce sporozoites. Occurs in mosquito.

A

Sporogony

103
Q

asexual reproduction of plasmodium releasing merozoites. Occurs in man.

A

Schizogony

104
Q

trophozoite form of protozoan that invades red blood cells, it can become asexual or sexual form.

A

Merozoites

105
Q

sexual stage of plasmodium, these mediate the transmission of malaria from infected human to mosquito.

A

Gametocyte

106
Q

Types of Gametocyte

A

macrogametocyte (female) and microgametocyte (male)

107
Q

union of gametocytes in mosquito producing sporozoites

A

Oocyst

2nd sem-Parasitology PRELIM (5 decks)

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