Pancreatic Hormones

Question 1

placenta

Answer 1

endocrine organ that is critical for fetal growth
- supplies nutrients and oxygen
- produces and releases many hormones and growth factors

Question 2

hormones that mediate postnatal growth…

Answer 2

do not necessarily play the same roles in fetal growth

Question 3

examples of hormones that mediate postnatal growth

Answer 3

GH, IGF-1, TH

Question 4

insulin like growth factors

Answer 4

are important for fetal growth, but IGF1 in the fetus is regulated by metabolic factors other than GH

Question 5

IGF2

Answer 5

is more abundant during fetal life than IGF1

Question 6

insulin also has important _____ on fetal growth

Answer 6

stimulatory effects

Question 7

maternal factors such as _____ affect birth size

Answer 7

maternal nutrition, disease, alchohol ingestion, etc

Question 8

growth factors

Answer 8

secreted factors, stimulate growth (cell proliferation and/or differentiation)

Question 9

what receptors do growth factors use

Answer 9

receptor tyrosine kinases

Question 10

some hormones that use growth factor receptors/ receptor tyrosine kinases:

Answer 10

• Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 & IGF-2): * Both are important for fetal growth;
  and postnatally, IGF-1 is the major player mediating GH’s effects on growth
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF): important for fetal growth
• Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs): critical for development
• Nerve growth factor (NGF): promotes growth & maintenance of sympathetic & sensory neurons

Question 11

what are growth factors critical for?

Answer 11

an organisms development, growth, wound healing

Question 12

too little growth factor might cause

Answer 12

failure to thrive (= childrens weight or rate of weight gain is sig below that of other children w similar age and sex