15.1

Question 1

The thin layer of gasses that surrounds Earth

Answer 1

Atmosphere

Question 2

The ratio of water vapor the air contains to the maximum amount it could have at that temperature

Answer 2

Relative humidity

Question 3

The force excited by air on the area below it

Answer 3

Air pressure

Question 4

The lowest layer of the atmosphere the one directly above the ground

Answer 4

Troposphere

Question 5

The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere

Answer 5

Stratosphere

Question 6

Ozone concentrated in a portion of the stratosphere

Answer 6

Ozone layer

Question 7

The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere extends to 50 to 80 km above sea level

Answer 7

Mesosphere

Question 8

The top layer of the atmosphere extends from 80 km above sea level infinitely into space

Answer 8

Thermosphere

Question 9

The transfer of energy through space

Answer 9

Radiation

Question 10

The transfer of heat directly between two objects in contact

Answer 10

Conduction

Question 11

The transfer of heat in a fluid as warm parts of the fluid rise from the heat source and expand

Answer 11

Convection

Question 12

Which of the following identifies the layers of the atmosphere incorrect order beginning with the lowest layer

Answer 12

Troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere

Question 13

The movement in a fluid as one parts of the fluid rise and cool part sink

Answer 13

Convection current

Question 14

A large body of air in which property such as temperature pressure and humidity are similar

Answer 14

Air mass

Question 15

The boundary between air masses that differ in temperature and moisture

Answer 15

Front

Question 16

Composition of Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 16

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% water vapor

Question 17

What does it mean to say that the average daytime relative humidity of a particular city is 31%

Answer 17

in general the air contains less than a third of water vapor that it could contain

Question 18

Explain how a cloud forms

Answer 18

Clouds form when warm moist air rises cools and condenses into tiny droplets or ice crystals these droplets group together to create clouds

Question 19

What general statement can be made about the relationship between air pressure and altitude

Answer 19

To lower the altitude or height above sea level the higher the air pressure

Question 20

How does carbon monoxide affect human health?

Answer 20

It interferes with the body’s ability to deliver oxygen

Question 21

A ____ can trap smog close to the surface. It happens when a layer of cool, dense air stays near the ground and under a layer of warm air

Answer 21

Temperature inversion

Question 22

Ozone depletion was caused by the fallen chemicals which were used in refrigerators and aerosol cans

Answer 22

Chlorofluorocarbons

Question 23

In general war American hold less water vapor than cool air

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The ozone layer is found within the troposphere

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Primary pollutants are produced when air pollutants react chemically with other substances

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Trace amounts of some air pollutants May contribute to cancer

Answer 26

True

Question 27

As a result of the clean water act, today, gasoline used by cars and trucks in the United States contain very large amount of lead

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Results from the interaction of sunlight, heat, nitrogen oxide, and volatile organic compounds

Answer 28

Tropospheric ozone

Question 29

What chemicals make up acid rain

Answer 29

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

Question 30

A boundary along which a mass of warm moist air replaces a massive cool dry air is called a

Answer 30

Warm front

Question 31

Carbon containing fuels that form from the remains of living things are called

Answer 31

Fossil fuels

Question 32

Which of the following is not a primary air pollutant

Answer 32

Sulfuric acid

Question 33

Acid deposition is caused mainly by

Answer 33

Burning fossil fuels

Question 34

A scrubber is a device that

Answer 34

Remove pollutants or changes them chemically before they are released by factories

Question 35

The main chemicals responsible for the ozone hole are

Answer 35

Chlorofluorocarbons

Question 36

The force exerted by air on the area below is called air pressure

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The troposphere provides living things with oxygen

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Industrial smog is a haze formed when sunlight acts on air pollutants

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Lead can bond to hemoglobin and therefore deprived the body of oxygen

Answer 39

False

Question 40

As a result of the montreal protocol manufacture of CFCs has fallen dramatically

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Burning trash burning eyes

Answer 41

All trash, both wet and dry, was burned

Question 42

Pollutants released by burning trash

Answer 42

B

Question 43

In the troposphere what is the relationship between air temperature and the height above Earth

Answer 43

the higher you are the colder it is in the atmosphere

Question 44

Describe one natural process that causes air pollution

Answer 44

When sweeping over dry land and create huge dust storms

Question 45

What is the difference between primary air pollutants and secondary air pollutants

Answer 45

Primary air pollutants come straight from a source. Secondary pollutants form when primary ones mixed and react in the air.

Question 46

How do air pollutants contribute to asthma and other respiratory conditions

Answer 46

Particles in the dust can irritate people's air passages and lungs causing them to damage their respiratory system

Question 47

Identify two ways in which acid deposition can harm ecosystems

Answer 47

Chemicals can poison plants growing in the soil and acid deposition can increase the acidity of the water that comes into your home

Question 48

List three provisions of the clean Air act

Answer 48

Limits emission of pollutants by motor vehicles and industries it lets people Sue industries that break the rules it sets aside funds for research into pollution control

Question 49

Contrast the effects of stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone on People's health

Answer 49

Stratospheric ozone protects us from UV rays while tropospheric ozone harms our lungs and causes breathing problems

Question 50

Pollutants generally stay in the stratosphere for a long time what effects might this characteristic have on the ozone layer?

Answer 50

Since pluton stay in the stratosphere for a long time, they can continuously damage the ozone layer over many years, leading to a longer lasting thinning of ozone and increased exposure to harmful UV rays

Question 51

Why does it often take a long time for a temperature inversion to end?

Answer 51

Because the warm air above traps the cooler air below preventing mixing

Question 52

Compare industrial smog and photochemical smog how are these two types of smog similar how are they different

Answer 52

Industrial smog comes from burning coal while photochemical smile comes from sunlight reacting with car exhaust both are harmful and reduced air quality

Question 53

Describe the sequence of events that led to the Montreal protocol

Answer 53

Scientist discovered that chemicals called CFCs were damaging the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful UV rays the rays global concern leading countries to come together and agree on reducing CFC use. In 1987, they signed the Montreal protocol to protect the ozone layer

Question 54

Why is it often difficult for individual states to prevent acid deposition from falling within their boundaries

Answer 54

It is difficult for individual states to prevent acid deposition because pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can travel long distances in air, crossing state lines and affecting regions far from the original source

Question 55

Think of a solution that would keep the congestion charging program and still encourage shoppers to visit downtown stores

Answer 55

The city should offer discounts or coupons for stores when people pay the charge this way shoppers would feel like they're getting something back making them more likely to visit downtown

Question 56

In the area in which you live is using public transportation a good way to reduce pollution

Answer 56

Using public transportation is a good way to reduce air pollution in the area where you live public transit reduces greenhouse gas emissions, decreased traffic congestion, and promote sustainable land use. It is more energy efficient than individual household actions and can carry more people at once

Question 58

Write a speech that you might give explaining why Roland and Molina are receiving the award

Answer 58

Today we honor Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina for discovering the CFC harm the ozone layer, which protects us from harmful UV rays. In the 1970s they showed that cfc's break apart in the atmosphere, damaging the ozone their work led to the Montreal protocol, which help reduce these harmful chemicals

Question 59

Draw and label a diagram showing how your school or community might take steps to reduce emissions of pollutants

Answer 59

Tell British pollution our school could use buses or carpal more put solar power panels on buildings and use energy saving lights we could also recycle compost food scraps and use less plastic by bringing you reusable bottles