1510-1547

Question 1

What was the renewal of treaty of etaples

Answer 1

Alliance between England and France organised by Henry’s councillors

Question 2

How did Henry defy treaty of etaples

Answer 2

He formed an anti-french alliance by joining the holy league in 1511
League of Cambrai

Question 3

Why did the the 1512 french invasion fail

Answer 3

Insecure alliance with Ferdinand meant he didn’t give the support promised

Question 4

What happened in the first french invasion

Answer 4

Thomas Grey sent 10000 men to reconquer Aquitaine which was lost in 100 year war
Ferdinand captured Navarre instead leaving English soldiers starving an defeated

Question 5

What happened at the battle of Spurs

Answer 5

Henry and Maximilian sent 30000 troops to besiege thouranne. Successful- resulted in the capture of thouranne and tournai

Question 6

Failures of battle of spurs

Answer 6

Expensive- Henry had to liquidate assets from inheritance
Led to discontent in Yorkshire due to loss of french pension
Tournai later returned to France

Question 7

What happened at the battle of flidden

Answer 7

James IV and 30000 troops besieged English castles on border
Earl of Surrey and 26000 troops defeated the Scots and killed James

Question 8

What was the problem with the battle of flodden

Answer 8

Henry didn’t use the success and vulnerable position of Scotland to his advantage

Question 9

What was considered in 1514

Answer 9

Another french campaign but Ferdinand and Maximilian made peace which forced Wolsey to have to renegotiate french pension and secure a marriage alliance

Question 10

What marriage alliance occurred in 1515

Answer 10

Louis XII of France and Mary’s marriage

Question 11

What was the issue with Mary and Louis’ marriage?

Answer 11

He died in 1516 and Mary married the duke of Suffolk, meaning she was invaluable for diplomatic purposes

Question 12

Why didn’t Henry react after the battle of flidden

Answer 12

He ran out of money, meaning he needed to remain allies with France
1514-1526= minority power
Auld alliance between Scotland and France remained strong

Question 13

What happens in 1515

Answer 13

Francis succeeds Louis which Henry saw as a threat - henry wanted an alliance with Ferdinand

Question 14

Who is Ferdinand succeeded by

Answer 14

Charles V- wanted an alliance with France

Question 15

What was the treat of noyon

Answer 15

1516- alliance between Francis and Charles

Question 16

What was the treaty of Cambrai

Answer 16

Treat between Charles and Maximilian and Francis- peace between HRE

Question 17

Consequence of the treaty of Cambrai

Answer 17

Left England isolated
France undermine Anglo-Scot relations through Duke of Albany (part of French nobility)
Threat minimised due to Scottish divisions among nobility- Henry didn’t exploit divisions

Question 18

Who was Duke of Albany

Answer 18

Presumptive Scottish heir- part of french nobility

Question 19

What happened in the treaty of London

Answer 19

Non aggression pact between England, France, Spain, HRE.

Tournai returned to France and french pension continued

Question 20

Purpose of treaty of London

Answer 20

Organised by Wolsey to end English isolation

Prompted by pope Leo X who wanted a Christian front against ottoman Turks

Question 21

How did Charles I election as HRE affect French attitudes

Answer 21

They were concerned over the amount of power he had

Question 22

What happened at the Field of the cloth of gold

Answer 22

Lavish 2 week event for Henry and Francis
Diplomatically nothing achieved
Did achieve honour and glory

Question 23

How much was spent of the FoCoG

Answer 23

£15000

Question 24

Who was involved in the treaty of Burges

Answer 24

England and Spain

Question 25

Motives for treaty of bruges

Answer 25

Improve papal relations Gain french territory Form marriage alliance between Mary and Charles

Question 26

What did the treaty of Burges lead to

Answer 26

2nd french war campaign

Question 27

What happened in the 2nd french campaign

Answer 27

English troops partnered with Charles to defeat France but were unsuccessful

Question 28

Issues caused by the 2nd french campaign

Answer 28

Expensive- caused a dry spell of campaigns | Parliament refused to raise extraordinary revenue

Question 29

What did Henry do after seeing Charles’ success in the battle of pavia

Answer 29

Suggested they both invade northern France for territorial gains Charles refused

Question 30

What was the effects of the amicable grant

Answer 30

Revealed the public’s dislike for the venture and led to fall of Wolsey Led to Suffolk rebellion

Question 31

Why was pavia important

Answer 31

Crucial in Italian wars- Francis captured by Charles V and the battle revealed Charles’ power

Question 32

Consequences of battle of pavia

Answer 32

Bruised ego Resentment for Charles when he ended marriage agreement Wolsey prestige decreased domestically

Question 33

What was the league of Cognac

Answer 33

Anti imperial alliance set up by pope who was concerned at the amount of power Charles obtained Pro-France

Question 34

Why was the league of cognac bad for Henry

Answer 34

He couldn’t be enemies with Charles whilst the great matter was occurring He couldn’t solve GM issues diplomatically, showing him as a minor power

Question 35

What happened in the Sack of Rome?

Answer 35

Pope Clement kidnapped by Charles (showing his power)

Question 36

What was the treaty of Amien

Answer 36

England forced to make french alliance (anti imperial)

Question 37

What did Wolsey do in 1527 to pressurise the the Emperor

Answer 37

Imposed trade embargos with Burgundian lands- Charles retaliation led to unemployment and social issues in England

Question 38

What happened in 1929

Answer 38

France defeated Landriano

Question 39

What was the peace of Cambrai

Answer 39

Ended war between Francis and Charles and confirmed Spanish hegemony in Italy Showed Charles dominance over the pope

Question 40

What did Charles’ strength endure for Henry (1929)

Answer 40

Ensured Henry couldn’t resolve his marital issues diplomatically.

Question 41

Who did Henry blame his failure on the great matter on

Answer 41

Wolsey, leading to his downfall

Question 42

Who created an alliance in 1532

Answer 42

Defender alliance between France and England | Both weak but hoped to apply pressure on Charles

Question 43

When did England and Frances’ defence alliance deteriorate

Answer 43

When Francis sought a marriage between his son and the Pope’s niece Catherine de Merci

Question 44

What happened in 1533

Answer 44

Break with Rome began

Question 45

How threatening was the break with Rome for Henry

Answer 45

Not very because Charles was preoccupied with the Ottoman Turks

Question 46

What was the league of schmalkadic

Answer 46

(1533) Protestant alliance to reinforce Henry’s position

Question 47

What was the effect of the death of Catherine and Anne on henry?

Answer 47

It was good because it created an opportunity to renew alliance with HRE

Question 48

When was the renewal of fighting between Charles and Francis and how did this affect Henry

Answer 48

1536 | Reduced potential for danger (created from England’s isolated position

Question 49

What did the effect of the truce of nice have on Henry

Answer 49

Short lived relief as it meant France and spin had made peace once again

Question 50

What did pope Paul III publish

Answer 50

A bull encouraging catholics to obey god over their ruler

Question 51

Who did the pope send envoys to and what did

Answer 51

France and Scotland, encouraging a Catholic crusade

Question 52

Why wasn’t there much of a threat of a Catholic crusade

Answer 52

Francis and Charles still didn’t trust each-other and had other priorities

Question 53

What shoes Henry took the threat of a crusade seriously

Answer 53

Six articles act (1539) | Marriage to Anne of cleves (1540)

Question 54

What Alliance surrounded his marriage to Anne

Answer 54

2nd attempt at alliance with the schmalkadic league

Question 55

Was the schmalkadic league alliance long term

Answer 55

No it dissolved quickly | Francis and Charles ended their friendship making Henry’s marriage less important anyway

Question 56

How does foreign policy change from 1530s to 1540s

Answer 56

Returns to more aggressive foreign policy

Question 57

What occurs in the battle of Solway moss

Answer 57

15000 Scots v 3000 English Scots were unorganised and lost James v died

Question 58

Cause of the battle of Solway moss

Answer 58

James v refused to break with Rome | James married Mary of Guise -relative of french king- pro-French policy

Question 59

Effects of the battle of Solway moss

Answer 59

1 week old baby left as Scottish heir- leaving Scotland vulnerable Henry didn’t invade when he could have and turned to diplomatic pressure instead His focus was on glory in France

Question 60

What was the reason for the ‘rough wooing’

Answer 60

To form a marriage alliance between Mary QoS and Prince Edward

Question 61

What did the rough wooing result in

Answer 61

Treaty of Greenwich- formally declared the betrothed

Question 62

What was a failure surrounding the treaty of Greenwich

Answer 62

Scottish Parliament refused to ratify treaty

Question 63

What did Scottish Parliament’s refusal lead to

Answer 63

Earl of Hertford to Cary out a raid in Edinburgh, Lutin, and St. Andrews

Question 64

What happened in the capture of bolougne (1544)

Answer 64

Henry agreed alliance with Charles | Army confined itself to Calais, capturing Boulogne

Question 65

What did England unsuccessfully besiege in the Scottish invasion

Answer 65

Montreuil

Question 66

What was a problem once England had captured Boulogne

Answer 66

Francis and Charles had made peace

Question 67

How did the situation worsen for Henry in 1545

Answer 67

Francis sent troops to Scotland to reinforce possible Scottish invasion of England

Question 68

What was the result of the battle of Ancrum Moor

Answer 68

Defeated (Scottish war)

Question 69

Where was the french counter invasion and when?

Answer 69

Isle of Wight | 1545

Question 70

Positives in 1546 (after french and Scottish invasions)

Answer 70

French failed to recapture Boulogne Invasion of Northern England never materialised Agreed peace as neither side could afford more war

Question 71

Negatives found in 1546

Answer 71

Henry was unable to find war with extraordinary revenue - had to sell lots of crown estate and debase the coinage

Question 72

What was the Peace of Ardes

Answer 72

Peace treaty signed in 1546 between France and England

Question 73

How many prisoners were taken at the battle of solway moss

Answer 73

1000

Question 74

How many troops at the capture of Boulogne

Answer 74

48,000 to Calais

Question 75

Where did Charles and Francis’ peace treaty take place in the capture of Boulogne

Answer 75

Treaty at Crepy

Question 76

How much did war against France cost

Answer 76

£2 million