diuretics Flashcards
what are the functions of the kidneys?
- regulation of H2O and inorganic ion balance
- removal of metabolic waste products from blood and excretion in urine
- removal of foreign chemicals in the blood and excretion in urine
- gluconeogenisis
- endocrine functions (renin, eythropoietin and aldosterone)
where are the adrenal glands found?
theyre found at the top of the kidneys
what is the role of the adrenal glands?
theyre responsible for secretion of a number of important hormones
what is each adrenal gland made up of?
theyre each comprised of two endocrine components, a medulla (the inner part) that makes up 20% of the gland and a cortex (the outer part) that makes up the other 80%
what parts make up the cortex of the adrenal gland?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
what does the zona glomerulosa secrete?
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Na+, K+ and water homeostasis
what does the zona fasciculata secrete?
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
glucosa homeostasis and many others
what does the reticularis secrete?
sex steroids (androgens)
what does the medulla secrete?
catecholamines such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine
where does glomerular filtrate drain?
it drains into the bowman’s space then into the proximal convoluted tubule
what do endothelium pores allow through?
it allows through small molecules
what are podocytes?
they help to form a filtration barrier with endothelial cells
what stops proteins getting through into the tubular fluid?
the negative charge of the podocytes and the masement membrane
what does GFR stand for? and what is it?
glomular filtration rate and its represents the flow of plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman’s space over a specified period and is the chief measure of kidney function
what cells are in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and what do they secrete?
it includes JG cells and they secrete renin
does the afferent arteriole run into or out of the kidney?
it goes into the kidney