stroke, dvt and thrombosis

Question 1

what is ischemia?

Answer 1

its a reduction in blood supply

Question 2

what does infarct mean?

Answer 2

its ischamic necrosis of a tissue

Question 3

what happens if theres a prolonged reduction or cessation of blood flow?

Answer 3

• Neurodeficits lasting longer than 24 hours.
• Infarcted brain tissue that cannot be recovered

Question 4

what are the the primary causes of ischamic stroke?

Answer 4

artherosclerosis/ hypoxia

Question 5

what is a thrombotic stroke?

Answer 5

its when the brain blood flow is prevented by thrombosis of a cerebral vessel

Question 6

what is an embolic stroke?

Answer 6

its when debris from elsewhere block the blood flow through cerebral vessel

Question 7

what is a hypoxic stroke?

Answer 7

its when theres a decrease in blood flow to the brain e.g. due to cardiac arrest or respiratory failure

Question 8

what is a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 8

its a prolonged reduction/ cessation in blood flow and causes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 9

what is an intracerebral hemorrahge?

Answer 9

its bleeding into the brain parenchyma

Question 10

what is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 10

its bleedign into the subarachnoid space

Question 11

what’s the primary cause of a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 11

hypertension

Question 12

what are the signs of a stroke?

Question 13

what is venous thrombeoembolism?

Question 14

what is a paradoxal stroke?

Question 15

what is deep vein thrombosis?

Question 16

what are the primary causes of deep vein thrombosis?

Question 17

what is the widows triad?

Question 18

what risk factors are included in venous stasis?

Answer 18

bed rest
long flights
pregnancy

Question 19

what risk factors are involved in damaged blood vessels?

Answer 19

bad heart
infection

Question 20

what risk factors are involved in hypercoagulation?

Answer 20

genetics
surgery
medications

Question 21

what is primary homeostasis?

Question 22

what treatments are there for thrombolytic disorders?

Answer 22

antiplatelets such as aspirin
anticoagulants
thrombolytics

Question 23

what antiplatelet drugs are there for the treatment of thrombolytic disorders?

Answer 23

COX-1 inhibitors such as aspririn
- Irreversibly inhibit the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of thromboxane precursors.
- Reduces thromboxane, which is needed for platelet aggregation and activation.

ADP receptor inhibitors e.g. clopidogrel
- Metabolites interfere with platelet fucntion

Question 24

what are anticoagulants?

Answer 24

they’re drugs that are anticlotting agents

Question 25

what are thrombolytics? and what is an example of one?

Answer 25

theyre drugs used to treat strokes and are clot busters an example is alteplase

Question 26

why would you not want to give anticoagulants for stroke treatment

Answer 26

because it increases the risk of haemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke

Question 27

how long do you have after a stroke until surgery is a better option to drugs?

Answer 27

3-4 hr window to give drugs to reverse the stoke, then you need to operate if no treatment has been given

Question 28

give examples of thrombeolytics?