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anatomy y2 > practical 4 cranial nerves W4 > Flashcards

practical 4 cranial nerves W4 Flashcards

1
Q

which cranial nerves are attached directly to the brain?

A

1, 2

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2
Q

which cranial nerves are attached directly to the midbrain?

A

3, 4

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3
Q

which cranial nerves are attached directly to the pons?

A

5

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4
Q

which cranial nerves are attached directly to the pontomedullary junction?

A

6

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5
Q

which cranial nerves are attached directly to the medulla?

A

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

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6
Q

locations of foramen rotundum/ovale/spinosum/lacerum?

A

rotundum: by sup orb fis. more anterior than others.

medial to lateral is lacerum, ovale, spinosum.

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7
Q

sensory nuclei in brainstem? locations?

A

trigeminal sensory nucleus: middle cerebellar peduncle

vestibular and cochlear nuclei: below middle cerebellar peduncle

nucleus solitarius: medial medulla

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8
Q

motor nuclei in midbrain? locations?

A

caudal to rostral (all quite medial)
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
oculomotor nucleus
trochlear nucleus

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9
Q

motor nuclei in pons? locations

A

trigeminal motor nucleus (superior, lateral)
abducens nucleus (middle, medial)
facial motor nucleus (inferior, lateral)
superior and inferior salivatory nuclei (inferior, medial)

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10
Q

motor nuclei in medulla? locations

A

from medial to lateral:
hypoglossal nucleus
dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
nucleus ambiguus

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11
Q

most common causes of lower motor neuron palsy of the facial nerve?

A

Bell’s palsy
idiopathic palsy (unilateral)

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12
Q

innervation of masseter?

A

mandibular nerve (trigeminal)

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13
Q

innervation of trapezius?

A

accessory nerve

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14
Q

innervation of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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15
Q

innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

vagus nerve

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16
Q

innervation of orbicularis oris?

A

facial nerve

17
Q

innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

oculomotor nerve

18
Q

6 extrinsic eye muscles that move the eyeball?

A

inferior oblique
lateral rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
superior oblique
superior rectus

19
Q

superior oblique - innervation and action?

A

CNIV (trochlear)
depression, abduction, intorsion (inward rotational movement)
‘down and out’

20
Q

inferior oblique - innervation and action?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)
elevation, abduction, extorsion (outward rotational movement)
‘up and out’

21
Q

superior rectus - innervation and action?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)
elevation, adduction

22
Q

inferior rectus - innervation and action?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)
depression, adduction

23
Q

medial rectus - innervation and action?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)
adduction

24
Q

lateral rectus - innervation and action?

A

CNVI (abducens)
abduction

25
Q

clinical effect of CNVI (abducens) palsy? which muscles are affected?

A

diplopia when looking to the side ipsilateral to the palsy.
affected muscle = lateral rectus

26
Q

clinical effect of CNIV (trochlear) palsy? which muscles are affected?

A

vertical diplopia, particularly noticeable on down gaze
affected muscle = superior oblique

27
Q

clinical effect of CNIII (oculomotor) palsy? which muscles are affected?

A

ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid). when attempting to stare straight ahead, the eye looks down.
muscles affected = levator palpabrae superioris, inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique

not in worksheet but surely also the superior rectus?

28
Q

which cranial nerve makes up the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

29
Q

course of the trigeminal nerve? (and its branches?)

A

maxillary nerve -> foramen rotundum

ophthalmic nerve -> superior orbital fissure

mandibular nerve -> foramen ovale

-»> trigeminal ganglion -> trigeminal sensory nucleus -> thalamus -> internal capsule -> cortex

30
Q

which four cranial nerves carry autonomic innervation?

A

3, 7, 9, 10
III - oculomotor nerve
VII - facial nerve
IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
X - vagus nerve

31
Q

which tissues does CNIII provide parasympathetic innervation? what is the function of this?

A

sphincter pupillae - constricts pupil

ciliary muscles - contraction to shorten lens and focus on short range objects

32
Q

which tissues does CNVII provide parasympathetic innervation? what is the function of this?

A

mucosa of the oral/nasal cavities and pharynx - produce mucous

lacrimal gland - produce tears

submandibular and sublingual glands - produce saliva

33
Q

which tissues does CNIX provide parasympathetic innervation? what is the function of this?

A

parotid gland - produce saliva

34
Q

which tissues does CNX provide parasympathetic innervation? what is the function of this?

A

heart - reduce resting heart rate

GI organs - smooth muscle contraction and secretion of digestive juices

anatomy y2 (16 decks)

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