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level 2 gym instructing 2024 > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

The heart lies behind the sternum, just left of centre.

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2
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

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3
Q

Where dose the heart receive oxygenated blood from?

A

Pulmonary vein

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4
Q

Where dose the heart pump deoxygenated blood to?

A

The lungs via the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

How many chambers dose the heart have?

A

Four

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6
Q

Which chambers of the heart receive blood?

A

Left and right atrium

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7
Q

Which chambers of the heart pump blood?

A

Left and right ventricle

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8
Q

What is the name of the largest artery leaving the heart?

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What is the name of the largest vein entering the heart?

A

Vena cava

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10
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

Oxygenated blood is blood rich in oxygen.

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11
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood is blood with high levels of carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What type of blood is found in the aorta?

A

Oxygenated

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13
Q

What type of blood is found in the pulmonary vein?

A

Oxygenated

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14
Q

What type of blood is found in the pulmonary artery?

A

Deoxygenated

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15
Q

Describe some of the differences between arteries and veins?

A
  • Arteries have thick, elastic, muscular walls whereas veins have thin walls with few elastic fibres.
  • Veins have one-way valves whereas arteries do not have any valves.
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16
Q

Describe capillaries?

A

Capillaries have extremely thin walls (approx. one cell thick) that allows the diffusion of nutrients and gases into tissue cells.

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17
Q

What is blood pooling?

A

Blood pooling occurs when blood in the veins pool in the extremities.

18
Q

What is venous return?

A

Venous return is an important mechanism for helping the return flow of blood to the heart and preventing blood pooling.

19
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is a measure of the force that the blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them.

20
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Blood vessels narrowing

21
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Blood vessels widening

22
Q

Describe systolic blood pressure (SBP)?

A

SBP is the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the cardiac muscle in contracting and pumping blood.

23
Q

Describe diastolic blood pressure (DBP)?

A

DBP is the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the heart is in a relaxed state.

24
Q

What is optimal blood pressure?

A

Optimal blood pressure is a blood pressure reading of 120/80.

25
Q

What blood pressure reading is stage 1 hypertension?

A

Stage 1 hypertension is a blood pressure reading of 140/90 - 159/99.

26
Q

List some of the short-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system?

A
  • Increase in heart rate
  • Increase in stroke volume (amount of blood pumped per heart beat)
  • Increase in cardiac output (amount of blood pumped per minute)
  • Increase in systolic blood pressure
  • Dilating capillaries
27
Q

List some of the long-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system?

A
  • Stronger heart muscle
  • Lower resting heart rate
  • An increase in blood pumped in one contraction
  • An increase in blood pumped in one minute
  • Lower working heart rate for the same effort
  • An increase in the number of capillaries
  • An increase in sixe and number of mitochondria
  • Sustained optimal blood pressure
28
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation is the circulation between the heart and lungs.

29
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Systemic circulation is the circulation between the heart and body.

30
Q

Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?

A

Left

31
Q

True or False?

The main artery that leaves the left ventricle is the aorta.

A

True

32
Q

True or False?

The pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.

A

FALSE - Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

33
Q

True or False?

The vena cava is part of the systemic circulatory system.

A

TRUE

34
Q

True or False?

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

A

TRUE

35
Q

True or False?

Circulation between the heart and lungs is known as pulmonary circulation.

A

TRUE

36
Q

True or False?

All arteries carry oxygenated blood.

A

FALSE - Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood

37
Q

True or False?

All veins carry blood towards the heart.

A

TRUE

38
Q

True or False?

The pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.

A

TRUE

39
Q

True or False?

The largest artery in the body is the aorta.

A

TRUE

40
Q

True or False?

Veins have non-return valves.

A

TRUE

level 2 gym instructing 2024 (17 decks)

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