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research methods > Physio 415 exam 1 > Flashcards

Physio 415 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

endogenous

A

originating from within the body

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2
Q

exogenous

A

originate outside the body

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3
Q

sexually dimorphic

A

differences between the sexes

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4
Q

plasticity

A

malleable, flexible, able to change

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5
Q

rosteral/ anterior

A

front facing top
(forehead)

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6
Q

dorsal

A

back side
(back)

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7
Q

ventral

A

front side
(stomach)

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8
Q

posterior/ caudal

A

bottom
(feet)

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9
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline (toward the exterior)
(ears are lateral compared to the scalp)

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10
Q

medial

A

closer to midline
(towards interior)

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11
Q

midsagittal

A

cut between the ears (on the midline)

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12
Q

horizontal

A

cut into equal top and bottom parts

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13
Q

coronal

A

like cutting slices of bread

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14
Q

grey matter vs white matter

A

grey = cell bodies
white = pathways that cell bodies use

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15
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete products via ducts

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16
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete their hormones into the blood stream

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17
Q

hormones

A

chemicals secreted by endocrine glands in response to changes in the external or internal environment and carried by blood to target organs

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18
Q

spinal nerves

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

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19
Q

frontal lobe

A

ability to concentrate

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20
Q

parietal

A

understand sensory info

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21
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

executive function

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22
Q

temporal lobe

A

language, hearing, memory

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23
Q

brain stem

A

breathing and heart rate

24
Q

cerebellum

A

balance, motor coordination

25
Q

basal ganglia

A

starts and meshes movement, motor and habit learning, emotional processing

26
Q

cervical

A

head and neck, wrists and hands
7

27
Q

thoracic

A

chest and abdominal muscles
12

28
Q

lumbar

A

leg muscles
5

29
Q

sacrum

A

bladder, bowels, sexual function
5 fused

30
Q

coccyx

A

4 fused

31
Q

spinal cord

A

dorsal: sensory
ventral: motor

32
Q

white matter

A

pathways the cell bodies use

33
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies

34
Q

forebrain

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

35
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

36
Q

hindbrain

A

metencephalon
mylencephalon

37
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

integrates senses, emotions, and the environment

38
Q

insula

A

perception of self
bottom up to brain

39
Q

left hemisphere lateralization

A

language
speech and comprehension
writing

40
Q

right hemisphere lateralization

A

visual and spatial functioning
creativity/ artistry
musical skills

41
Q

corpus callosum

A

white band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres

42
Q

wernicke’s area

A

problems learning and understanding language

43
Q

broca’s area

A

understand language but cannot communicate back

44
Q

gene selection theory

A

individual reproductive success/ fitness: influence organism to focus on self preservation and reproduction

inclusive fitness: influence organism to help others that contain their genes

45
Q

sexual selection theory

A

the evolution of characteristics not because of survival advantage but because of mating advantage (sexual dimorphisms)

intrasexual competition: members of the same sex compete with each other

intersexual competition: members of one sex prefer certain qualities in mates

46
Q

phylogenetics

A

the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups

47
Q

absolute brain size

A

physical weight of the brain

48
Q

relative brain size

A

size of brain in proportion to the rest of the body

49
Q

allometry

A

study of nonlinear relationship of the body and brain sizes

50
Q

encephalization quotient (EQ)

A

actual / predicted

51
Q

principle of proper mass

A

brain regions increase proportionately in size relative to the capacity for certain behaviors

52
Q

brainstem

A

unconscious behaviors

53
Q

cerebellum

A

learning and coordinating skilled movements

54
Q

cerebrum

A

2 hemispheres responsible for most conscious behaviors

55
Q

cortical complexity

A

simple vs complex brain matter

rats have smooth brains and we have grooved brains

56
Q
A

research methods (4 decks)

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