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Reproductive Physiology > Male Mammalian Repro > Flashcards

Male Mammalian Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Explain how the male repro system develops

A

testis determining factor (TDF) produces testes develop which then turns into seroli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) which then causes AMH causes leydig cells to differentiate which can either turn into testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone will develop into male duct system. Dihydrotestosterone will develop penis, scrotum and accessory sex glands.

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2
Q

explain how sperm is made in testes and exists the penis

A
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3
Q

explain the 2 main jobs of male gonad

A

produce hormones
produce sperm

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4
Q

true/false
the testis rest outside of the abdominal cavity

A

true

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5
Q

what is the temp of the testis for proper spermatogenesis

A

33 degree Celsius

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6
Q

what are the 4 jobs of the scrotal skin (protect, contains what two things and what is it necessary for)

A

1) protects and supports the testis
2) contains temp sensitive neurons
3)contains sweat gland
4) necessary for spermatogenesis

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7
Q

where is the tunica dartos located

A

muscle layer lining the scrotal skin

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8
Q

what is the main job of the tunica dartos and how does it do it

A

its temp dependent and temp sensitive which means that it relaxes during high temp to increase surface area and heat dissipation and then contracts during cool temp to decrease surface area and heat dissipation

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9
Q

where is tunica dartos located

A

muscle layer lining the scrotal skin necessary for spermatogenesis

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10
Q

where is tunica albuginea located

A

dense white connective tissue covering the testis

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11
Q

where are leydig cells located

A

between the seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

what are leydig cells the site of

A

testosterone production

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13
Q

what are leydig cells surrounded by

A

lymphatic tissue and blood vessles

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14
Q

what do sertoli cells line

A

line the inside of the seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

what do sertoli cells serve as

A

site of sperm cell production

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16
Q

what does sertoli cells contain

A

contain immature sperm cells at various stages of development

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17
Q

what do rete tubules connect

A

connect seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts

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18
Q

what do the rete tubules transport

A

spermatozoa and secreted fluids

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19
Q

what does mediastinum cover

A

the rete tubules

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20
Q

what does the mediastinum provide

A

structural support and gives the testis an oblong shape

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21
Q

what is the connective tissue core of the testis

A

mediastinum

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22
Q

what do efferent ducts do

A

connect the rete tubules to the head of the epididymis

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23
Q

what does the efferent ducts lined with

A

lined with ciliated and non ciliated absorptive columnar cells which are surrounded by smooth muscle

24
Q

where is the head of the epididymis located

A

located dorsal to the testis

25
Q

where is the body of the epididymis located

A

along side the testis

26
Q

where is the tail of the epididymis located

A

located ventral to the testis

27
Q

what are the 4 functions of the epididymis

A

1) passage way for sperm cells from the efferent ducts to the vas deferens
2) sperm cell maturation
3) absorption of fluids to increase sperm cell concentration
4)storage of sperm cells (primarily in the tail)

28
Q

how long do sperm cells remain in the epididymis for

A

2 weeks

29
Q

what does the spermatic cord provide for the testis

A

support it maintains connection between testis and internal portions of the male repro tract following testicular descent

30
Q

what is cryptorchidism
unilateral and bilateral

A

unilateral- 1 testis remains in the abdominal cavity and 1 descends into the scrotum
bilateral- 2 testis remain in the abdominal cavity (sterile)

31
Q

what is a scrotal hernia

A

viscera enter the scrotum

32
Q

what does the spermatic cord support (3)

A

vas deferens
cremaster muscle
pampiniform plexus

33
Q

what does vas deferens connect

A

connects tail of the epididymis to the urethra

34
Q

what does the cremaster muscle aid in

A

aid in support and protection of the testis

35
Q

what is the cremaster muscle dependent on

A

testosterone

36
Q

how is the cremaster muscle temp sensitive

A

relaxes during high temp to move further from body
contracts during cool temp to bring testis closer to body

37
Q

what is the pampiniform plexus

A

it has veins and arteries that supplies blood to the testis
counter current heat exchange system
necessary for spermatogenesis

38
Q

how does the pampiniform plexus counter current heat work

A

cool venous blood (33 degree Celsius) decreases temp of the warm arterial blood (39 degrees Celsius)

39
Q

what are the 4 distinct mechanisms that testicular temp is maintained at 33 degree Celsius

A

1) thermosensitive neurons (in scrotal skin which regulate sweat glands and regulate respiratory center)
2) tunica dartos muscle (contracts/relaxes)
3) cremaster muscle
(contracts/relaxes)
4) pampiniform plexus (warm arterial blood is cooled by venous blood

40
Q

what are the 4 factors that disrupt spermatogenesis

A

1) high temp
2) febrile diseases for 3-5 days
3) transporting animals
4) showing of the animal

41
Q

where is the anatomical location of the accessory sex gland

A

after the vas deferns

42
Q

what are the 4 things that accessory sex glands provide

A

1) suspending medium for sperm transport
2) nutrients (fructose)
3) buffers
4) species variation in size and function

43
Q

what are the 4 parts of the accessory sex glands

A

1) ampulla
2) seminal vesicles
3) prostate
4) bulbourethral gland or Cowpers gland

44
Q

what does ampulla serve as

A

point where two vas deferens join

45
Q

what does seminal vesicle do

A

provide 40-80% of ejaculate volume
main contributor of fructose in ejaculate

46
Q

what does prostate do

A

provide 15-30% of ejaculate volume
contribute citric acid as an energy source

47
Q

what does bulborurethral gland or cowpers gland do

A

provide 15-25% of ejaculate volume
provide alkaline materials and buffers to neutralize pH of the urethra

48
Q

what animals have a fibroelastic type of penis

A

bull
ram
boar

49
Q

explain fibroelastic type of penis

A

rigid in non erect state
only a small amount of blood enters the penis and slightly enlarges it at erection

50
Q

what is fibroelastic type of penis supported by and how does it work

A

mainly supported by the sigmoid flexure and retractor penis muscle
during erection the sigmoid flexure straightens and the retractor penis muscle relaxes

51
Q

what animals have a vascular type of penis

A

stallions and primates

52
Q

explain the vascular type of penis

A

no sigmoid flexure, erection is achieved by engorgement of the penis with blood

53
Q

what animal has the baculum and bulbus glandis type of penis

A

dogs

54
Q

explain baculum and bulbus glandis type of penis

A

erection is achieved by engorgement of the penis with blood
penile bone (baculum)

55
Q

understand the anatomy of this picture where everything is located

A

Reproductive Physiology (19 decks)

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