Lesson 4 Flashcards
What is the BDF of fallacy
- false premises.
- either deductively invalid or inductively weak
- premises irrelevant to the conclusion
2 components of the BDF argument
- Ontological
- Logical
What is the ontological component
It refers to a specification of the type of thing being defined
what is the logical component
characterizes the quality of whether something is good or bad
what 3 things must be considered with the logical component
- truth
- entailment
- strength
What is the SDF of fallacy
A fallacy is an argument that seems good but is not
3 components of SDF fallacy are what
- Ontological component
- Logical component
- Appearance component
what is the appearance component
SDF states that fallacies must appear look or seem to be good arguments
What is an ad hominem fallacy
when an irrelevant property is found in a source and used to evaluate an argument
What are the 3 types of ad hominem
- ad hominem abusive
- ad hominem circumstantial
- ad hominem inconsistency
what is the ad hominem abusive
used to discredit an argument by pointing out that the source of the argument is mentally deficient in some way
what is the ad hominem circumstantial
Someone undermines the source’s credibility by pointing out that “special circumstances” pertain to the source so the arguments do not need to be accepted.
what is the inconsistency ad hominem
used to attack the source of the argument by pointing out inconsistencies found in the source
what are the 3 misconceptions about the ad hominem fallacy
- Ad hominems are only used to attack an argument
- Ad hominems occur whenever you say something negative or positive about a person
- One commits a fallacy when evaluating any characteristic found in the source or the argument
what term corresponds: the tendency to evaluate the quality of an argument based on the degree to which one accepts or rejects the conclusion of the argument
belief bias
