Zoonotic Disease Emergence

Question 1

genetic and biological factors of disease emergence

Answer 1

• microbial adaptation and change
• host susceptibility to infection

Question 2

physical environment factors of disease emergence

Answer 2

• climate and weather
• urbanization and land use

Question 3

Ecological factors of disease emergence

Answer 3

• changing ecosystems
• human demographics and behavior

Question 4

social political and economic factors of disease emergence

Answer 4

• international travel and commerce
• technology + industry
• breakdown of public health measures
• poverty and social inequity

Question 5

factors promoting zoonoses transmission

Answer 5

• frequent contact (people-animal, animal-animal, habitat loss, vector expanion)
• animal husbandry + health (nontraditional pets, intensive production systems)
• personal hygeine
• Globalization

Question 6

strategies for mitigating future disease emergence

Answer 6

• novel Vxs
• address antimicrobial resistance
• grow one health practioners
• build predictive capability
• reduce effects of poverty and inequality

Question 7

factors that promote the transmission of zoonotic diseases

Answer 7

• wildlife trade
• increased contact
• globalization

Question 8

immunocompromised / high risk humans

Answer 8

• HIV/AIDS
• chemotherapy, chronic disease
• elderly
• pregnant women
• children
• frequent travelers

Question 9

high risk occupations

Answer 9

• livestock producers, vets, zookeepers, lab techs

Question 10

what are some human focused prevention strategies

Answer 10

• good hygiene
• PPE/barrier precautions
• food preparation
• avoid contact w/ secretions of pets/other animals
• vector mitigation - prevent exposure

Question 11

what are animal focused prevention strategies

Answer 11

• pet vaccines
• mitigation of dietary factors (hunting and raw meat diets)
• parasite and vector control
• screening and txt

Question 12

public setting prevention strategies

Answer 12

• public settings (childcare/school/pet stores/ petting zoos)
• consider: handwashing, falling/sitting on group, food/pacifier

Question 13

prevention strategies at Vet clinics and hospitals

Answer 13

• NASPHV compendium of vet standard precautions
• handwashing locations
• PPE
• env infection control (laundry, medical waste, vector control)
• species attention to bites/scratches
• employee health plan

Question 14

communicate directly w/ HCPs for

Answer 14

immunocompromised
children
nursing facilities

Question 15

Primary causes of immunodeficiency

Answer 15

congenital acquisition
manifested by recurrent or persistent infections or developmental delay

Question 16

secondary causes of immunodeficiency

Answer 16

immune system damaged later in life
- age, malnutrition, infection/disease, medical treatments

Question 17

children under ___years of age are at greater risk for disease

Answer 17

5

Question 18

_______animals are more likely to be infected/infectious

Answer 18

young

Question 19

what are high risk species (more likely to carry zoonotic diseases)

Answer 19

• reptiles
• some birds
• non human primates
• exotic species
• wildlife

Question 20

Human animal contact special risk situations

Answer 20

• routine care: raw meat diets promote shedding of Salmonella and E.coli
• Fecal contact while cleaning litter box
• Cleaning reptile habitats

Question 21

Bartonella henselae

Answer 21

cat scatch disease

Question 22

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 22

Toxoplasmosis

Question 23

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 23

MRSA

Question 24

Chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 24

psittacocis (avian chlamydiosis)

Question 25

Mycobacterium

Answer 25

TB, leprosy

Question 26

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Answer 26

LCM, rodent borne

Question 27

Preventing Zoonotic Diseases in Pets

Answer 27

• reputable commercial diet
• yearly exams
• UTD on Vxs
• keep env and feeding areas clean