3. Screening and early detection of cancer Flashcards
Who needs screening?
symptom and complaint free risk groups
What is the aim of screening?
Early diagnosis in preclinical stages and to find high-risk asymptomatic patients
What is the significance of screening?
In case of early diagnosis, possibility to find an effective treatment is increased
Types of screening
- breast: nationwide mammography screening program (since 2002)
- cervix: cytological cervical screening (since 1970)
- colorectal: occult bleeding fecal test (since 2018) for men and women aged 50-70
- under investigation: lung, oral cavity, prostate, skin, ovary
Mammography Sensitivity
sensitivity decreases in higher density breasts so US or MRI is necessary
- on average: 80-85%
- in adipose breast: 99%
How often should women get a mammography?
In Hungary, every second year between 45 and 65 years old
What are the screening tests used for prostate cancer?
- PSA (prostate specific antigen) test: sensitive but not specific, for males >50 years
- DRE (digital rectal exam): less sensitive, but in case anything is felt a PSA and biopsy should be performed
Types of screening for cervical cancer
- cytology (Pap) testing
- HPV testing
When should cytology test be used for cervical cancer screening?
women from the age of 25-30 years, ever 3 or 5 years
When should HPV test be used for cervical cancer screening?
women from the age of 35 years, every 5 years
Who should participate in colorectal cancer screening?
Men and women between the ages 50 and 60 years
Types of colorectal cancer screening
- guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is done every 2 years
- flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) or colonoscopy is done every 10 years
screening invitations are sent upto the age of 70-75 years
