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1402- Digestion > Phyarnx And Esophagus. > Flashcards

Phyarnx And Esophagus. Flashcards

1
Q

List the three parts of the Pharynx.

A

Orophayrnx - oral part
Nasopharynx- nasal part
Laryngopharynx- laryngeal part

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2
Q

List the 5 boundaries and the nasopharynx.

A

Roof, floor, posterior wall and 2 lateral walls.

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3
Q

Define the Pharyngeal tonsil.

A

The structure is an aggregate of the lymphoid tissue that lies along midline of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

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4
Q

What is the line of communication between the oropharynx and nasopharynx.

A

Pharyngeal isthmus.

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5
Q

What is the line of communication between the oral cavity and the oropharynx.

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus.

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply of the oropharynx.

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve.

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7
Q

State the nerve supply of nasopharynx.

A

Maxillary nerve

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8
Q

What is the nerve supply of the laryngopharynx?

A

Branches of the vagus nerve.

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply of the nasopharynx

A

Branches of the maxillary nerve.

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the piriform fossa?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve.

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11
Q

What is the Pharyngeal Lymphatic Ring?

A

An incomplete circular ring of lymphatic tissue around the superior part of the pharynx.

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12
Q

How is the Pharyngeal lymphatic ring formed?

A

Is is formed from the tubal, palatine, lingual and pharyngeal tonsils.

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13
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring?

A

It acts as a first line of dense for microbes that enters the body via the oral and nasal routes.

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14
Q

List the muscles of the pharynx.

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles
Palatopharyngeus muscles
Stylopharyngeus muscles
Salpingopharyngues muscles

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15
Q

What is the function of the outer constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Constrictors contract involuntarily so that contractions takes place sequentially from the superior to the inferior part of the pharynx, propelling food into the esophagus.

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16
Q

What is the function of the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

These muscles elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx when speaking and swallowing.

17
Q

What is the nerve supply of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus- Glossopharyngeal nerve
Other muscles pharyngeal plexus of nerves

18
Q

What nerves supply the pharynx?

A

Pharyngneal plexus of nerves via the branches of vagus, glossapharyngeal, and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

19
Q

Describe the blood supply of the Pharynx.

A

Arterial:
Ascending pharyngeal artery of external carotid artery.
Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery of facial artery
Palatine, pharyngeal branches of maxillary artery.

Venous Supply:
Facial vein and internal jugular vein.

20
Q

List the nodes of the lymphatic drainage of the Pharynx

A

Retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes.

21
Q

What is the blood supply of the palatine tonsils?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery of the external carotid artery
Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery of the facial artery
Palatine and pharyngeal branches of the maxillary artery
Descending lingual artery
Lesser palatine artery

22
Q

Describe the constrictions of the esophagus.

A

1) The 1st constriction occurs at the beginning of the cricopharyngeus muscle (15 cm from the incisor teeth).
2) The 2nd constriction crossed by the arch of the aorta (22.5 cm from the incisor teeth)
3) The 3rd constriction crosses by the left principle bronchus (27.5 cm from the incisor teeth) and
4) The 4th constriction pierces the diaphragm (40 cm from the incisor teeth)

23
Q

What is the blood supply of the oropharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery of the external carotid artery
Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery of the facial artery
Palatine and pharyngeal branches of the maxillary artery
Descending lingual artery
Lesser palatine artery

24
Q

State the origin of the esophagus.

A

Continuation of the pharynx.

25
Q

List the relations of cervical part of the esophagus.

A

A. Anterior:
Trachea
Laryngeal nerves

B. Posterior:
Vertebral column

C. Lateral:
Carotid sheath, lobe of thyroid gland.

26
Q

List the relations of thoracic part of the esophagus.

A
  1. Anterior:
    Trachea, heart, pericardium, left principle bronchus
  2. Posterior
    Vertebral column
  3. Right relations:
    Right lung, right pluera, arch azygous vein
  4. Left relations:
    Left lung, left pluera, arch of aorta and descending thoracic aorta
27
Q

List the relations of abdominal part of the esophagus.

A

A. Anterior:
Left lobe of liver

B. Posterior:
Diaphragm

28
Q

What is the common type of esophageal discomfort that is associated with GERD?

A

Pyrosis (heartburn)

29
Q

State the blood supply of the esophagus.

A

Cervical - inferior thyroid artery and vein.
Thoracic - descending thoracic aorta, azygos structures
Abdominal - left gastric artery and vein

1402- Digestion (21 decks)

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