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gst 122 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hamitic theory was formulated by _____ in the year _____ in his book______

A

C.G. Seligman
1930
Races of Africa

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2
Q

The underdevelopment which Africa witnessed from the sixteenth century onward was the handiwork of

A

the Europeans.

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3
Q

Who wrote the book “How Europe Underdeveloped Africa” and what year?

A

Walter Rodney (1972)

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4
Q

What was the reason the Europeans saw Africans as sub-humans whose ancestors could not have built any meaningful civilization.

A

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

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5
Q

Literary sources of Nigerian history can be divided into three categories namely;

A

works by Arab scholars, geographers and historians;

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6
Q

early Arab writers who wrote about the people include;

A

Leo Africanus, Al-Bakri, Magrizi, In Khaldun and Al-Umari.

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7
Q

indigenous writers who also wrote about the people include

A

Ahmad Ibn Fartuwa and Al-Barnawi.

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8
Q

European literary, sources of Nigerian history may be divided into two categories -

A

primary sources and general literature.

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9
Q

The works of European writers have to be handled with great skepticism and criticism because _____ and

A
  1. we find clear falsifiers like Stanley, Carl Peters, etc
  2. scanty knowledge of geography, ethnography and other social sciences at that time often led them into grave errors and distortions.
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10
Q

Who mistook the Saan and the Khoi-Khoi for one and the same people.

A

John Van Riebeecks,

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11
Q

Who in the late eighteenth century wrote that he had ascertained that the Niger flows into the Nile.

A

Frederick Hornemann

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12
Q

In order to substantiate their claims of the early accomplishments of the Africans before and after the coming of Europeans, Africanist historians have had to depend on a number of sources such as

A

written records, archaeology, cultural history or ethnology, historical linguistics, physical anthropology and oral tradition

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13
Q

What are Archaeology sources?

A

This is a historical science and method whereby the past is reconstructed through analysis and interpretation of excavated natural objects.

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14
Q

What are Cultural history sources?

A

ithe method used by ethnologists in establishing the relationship between two cultures and the evolution they have experienced.

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15
Q

What are Historical linguistics sources?

A

the establishment of genetic links between languages and groups of people.

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16
Q

What are Physical Anthropology sources?

A

Physical anthropology contributed immensely to the study of the origin of man, and man’s gradual spread to different parts of the world.

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17
Q

Main features of ife culture include

A

iron-working and craft specialization.

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18
Q

The people of Ife developed a civilization which dates back to

A

about the 6th century B.C. and 100 A.

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19
Q

Ife art as it is known include

A

terracotta, brass, bronze, wood carving, and even potsherd pavement.

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20
Q

Benin main artwork include

A

bronze and brass heads and figures, stools and vessels.

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21
Q

Benin may have achieved greater international recognition for its art due to

A

earlier contact with European explorers

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22
Q

The main feature of Igbo ukwu culture include

A

Bronze, pottery decorated in highly ornamental style, vessels, beads and objects made of copper such as wristlets, bells, bracelets and earrings.

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23
Q

the Igbo ukwu culture flourished from about

A

1100 B.C. to about 850 A.D.

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24
Q

The believe that the Yoruba probably migrated from Egypt to their present location at about 2000-1000 B. C. was popularised by ____ in his book, History of the ____ in the year

A
  1. Rev. Samuel Johnson
  2. Yoruba
  3. 1950
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25
Q

The Almighty God send some of his messengers to the world and they included

A

Obatala or Orisa Nla or Orisa Alase (as the leader), and sixteen Oye (immortals).

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26
Q

The messenger of ife were given

A

five pieces of iron, a lump of earth tied to a white piece of cloth and a cockerel.

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27
Q

The site in which the oyos landed is traditionally known as

A

Oke Oramfe in Ife.

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28
Q

The Oyo empire emerge in

A

the middle of the fifteenth century

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29
Q

Who said we should not look beyond Africa when tracing the origin of people of Africa ? And what year?

A

Oliver and Fage (1975)

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30
Q

Oyo was founded by

A

Oranmiyan

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31
Q

The allafin was regarded as “Lord of many lands” at the time ?

A

The 16th century

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32
Q

______ reputed to be the fourth king was of a very wild disposition, fiery temper and skilled in sleight of hand tricks.

A

Sango

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33
Q

______ was a skilled commander in war who not only regained the lost military fame of the empire but was also a successful statesman.

A

Orompoto

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34
Q

____ is said to have been a powerful king in whose reign Dahomey was brought under the authority of Oyo empire

A

Ojigi

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35
Q

The Oyo empire derived its revenue from

A

agriculture and trade in agricultural and craft products.

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36
Q

The empire had a powerful army which was headed by a general with the title of

A

Are-Ona-Kankanfo.

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37
Q

The Oyo army consisted of the

A

infantry and calvary,

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38
Q

What is the distinctive feature of the oyo empire?

A

system of government

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39
Q

______ was the fountain of authority and “companion of the gods”.

A

Alaafin

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40
Q

Oyomesi consists of

A

a council of seven members headed by Bashorun who acted as the Prime Minister)l

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41
Q

The oyomesi is headed by the

A

Bashorun

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42
Q

The members of the oyomesi were also

A

leaders of the seven wards into which the metropolitan city was divided.

43
Q

The Oyomesi depose the Alaafin by

A

asking him to commit suicide by giving him an empty calabash and parrot eggs and declaring that “the gods reject you, the people reject you, the earth reject you”.

44
Q

______ played mediatory role in any conflict between the Oyomesi and the Alaafin.

A

The Ogboni cult

45
Q

Major decisions taken by the Oyomesi were subject to the ratification and approval of ____

A

the ogboni cult.

46
Q

The Alaafin had personal agents called ____ in the provinces.

A

Ilari”

47
Q

____ festival which took place annually,

A

The “Bere”

48
Q

____was used as a period of renewal of allegiance of the provincial governors to the central government.

A

The “Bere” festival

49
Q

factors that led to its decline of the Oyo empire could be traced to;

A
  1. the vastness of the empire
  2. the autonomy granted to the provinces which they easily exploited to achieve their independence at the slightest sign of weakness at the centre.
50
Q

______ usurped the throne by causing the death of about four Alaafin in quick succession and what year

A

Gaha (1754)

51
Q

______ eliminated Gaha and members of his family and also tried to revive the empire,

A

Alaafin Abiodun

52
Q

Benin was the first to be visited by the Europeans as early as

A

1472 A.D.

53
Q

the first Europeans in Benin, the ______ in the year ____ in Eware’s reign and _____ in the year ____ in Ozolua’s reign”.

A
  1. Portuguese Ruy de Sequeire
  2. 1472
  3. Affonso de Aviero
  4. 1484
54
Q

According to Ryder (1977), it was during the reign of ______ that Benin sent an ambassador to Portugal

A

Oba Ozolua (1481)

55
Q

According to Egharevba (1960), it was during the reign of _____ that Benin sent an ambassador to Portugal.

A

Oba Esigie (1504)

56
Q

The town seems to be very great. When you enter into it, you go into a great broad street, not paved, which seems to be seven to eight times broader than the Warmoes Street in Amsterdam …. was said by who ? And what year?

A

(Hodgkin, 1975)

57
Q

The first period of pre-colonial Benin history is known as the

A

“Ogiso era”.

58
Q

The first Ogiso was known a ____. He was succeeded by __

A
  1. Igbodo
  2. Ere
59
Q

_______ is credited to have created the guild system and laid a solid foundation for the kingdom.

A

Ere

60
Q

Guild created in ogiso time

A

wood-workers (Owina)
the carvers (Igbesamwan),
leather workers (Esohian),
the hunters (Ohue),
the weavers (Owinaido),
the pot makers (Emahe)

61
Q

______ is said to have introduced the royal throne (Ekete) and the sword of authority (Ada and Eben) into the Benin kingdom

A

Ere

62
Q

Ere was succeeded by

A

Orire

63
Q

The last Ogiso was ____

A

Owodo.

64
Q

the Benin elders established a form of republican government headed by ___

A

Evian

65
Q

At his old age,Evian decided to appoint his son____ to succeed him.

A

Ogiamen

66
Q

Oranmiyan’s arrival and rule in Benin was seriously opposed by

A

Ogiamen and his supporters.

67
Q

Who said that “the country was a land of vexation, Ile-Ibinu (by which name the country was afterward known) and that only a child born, trained and educated in the arts and mysteries of the land could reign over the people”?

A

Oranmiyan

68
Q

Oranmiyan stayed briefly with the______, whom he married his daughter _____

A
  1. Onogie of Ego, Osanego
  2. Erinmwinda,
69
Q

The Benin society was classified into two distinct classes -

A

the nobility (Adesotu) and the commoner (Ighiotu).

70
Q

Within the palace, there existed three societies, ________ into which each of these Eghaevbo chiefs belonged.

A

(Iwebo, Iweguae and Ibiwe)

71
Q

The Adesotu is divided into

A

Uzama
Eghaevbo n’Ogbe(palace chiefs)
Eghaevbo n’Ore(town chiefs)

72
Q

_____ were the highest ranking state officials in the kingdom and formed a distinct branch of government.

A

The Uzama

73
Q

The uzama were initially six in number namely -

A

the Oliha, Edohen, Ezomo, Era, Eholor and Olaton.

74
Q

_______ was the commander of the army,

A

the Ezomo

75
Q

______ took care of the aba’s mother,

A

Era

76
Q

_____ was in charge of the fetish Ire,

A

the Eholor

77
Q

______ were responsible for sharing Oba’s gifts among the Uzama.

A

the Olaton and Edaiken

78
Q

____ that crowned the Oba on his ascension of the throne.

A

the Oliha

79
Q

Who is the leader of the uzama ?

A

Oliha

80
Q

The societies of the oba were

A

Iwebo, Iweguae and Ibiwe.

81
Q

Who is the most senior of palace societies?

A

Iwebo

82
Q

____ took charge of the Oba’s wardrobe including his regalia.

A

Iwebo

83
Q

Who was the leader of the iwebo

A

Iwangue

84
Q

_____, was made up of the Oba’s personal attendant and domestic servants and their leader was _____

A
  1. Iweguae
  2. Esere.
85
Q

_____, took charge of the Oba’s wives and children and was headed by _____

A
  1. Ibiwe
  2. Oshodin.
86
Q

________ met with the Oba to deliberate on executive, judicial and legislative issues affecting the state.

A

Eghaevbo n’Ogbe

87
Q

_____ acted as the Prime minister.

A

the lyase

88
Q

_____ is the leader of The Eghaeho n’Ore

A

the lyase

89
Q

_____ supplied the needs of the Oba and his household.

A

The Guild System:

90
Q

the installation of Eweka Il in ____ ended the interregnum which began in ____.

A
  1. 1914
  2. 1897
91
Q

According to oral traditions such as that of the Nri, the ancestor of the Igbo, ____ descended from the sky and sailed down the ____ and arriving _____, met some autochthonous group which had no living memory of their own and settled with them.

A
  1. Eri
  2. River Anambra
  3. Ageleu
92
Q

_____ are described as acephalous, segmentary and fragmentary people.

A

The Igbo people

93
Q

____ was a form of general assembly in the state Igbo which all adult male members met to perform legislative functions.

A

Amala Oha

94
Q

The elders were highly respected because

A

they formed the core of village administration.

95
Q

____ in Igboland today are the progeny of warrant chiefs appointed by the British in their years of exploitation of Nigeria.

A

Obi, Eze and “red cap” chiefs

96
Q

the itsekiri founder is

A

Iginuwa , son of the Oba (king) of Benin.

97
Q

The itsekiri kingdom was ruled by _____ who presided over a council known as _____

A
  1. the Olu
  2. Ojoye
98
Q

Ojoye of the itsekiri people was made up of

A

seven nobles/title holders.

99
Q

The main occupations of the itsekiri people in pre-colonial times were

A

fishing, trading and farming.

100
Q

The itsekiri kingdom is made up of

A

the Itsekiri, [jaw and a number of other elements.

101
Q

Itsekiri has ____ as its capital with other settlements scattered along the Forcados, Escravos and Benin Rivers.

A

Ode Itsekiri

102
Q

What is the reasons why the Urhobo group, unlike the Benin and Itsekiri could not establish a single kingdom?

A

They are fragmented and based in different locations in the Niger Delta.

103
Q

Each urhobo village had its own traditional institution headed by

A

a ruler (Ovie).

104
Q

THE IZON did not develop any centralised system of government, mainly because

A

they were scattered in small fishing settlement in the creeks of the River Niger.

gst 122 (2 decks)

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