Bovins Flashcards
A four-month-old calf from a small beef herd in Louisiana presents with a fracture of the right metatarsus.
He was normal last night. The owner found the calf this morning after rounding up the herd for deworming.
This is the fifth calf this season with fractured bones.
One had a vertebral fracture, two calves had humeral fractures, and one other had a cannon bone fracture.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely problem in this herd?
A - High dietary phosphorus
B - Hypovitaminosis D
C - Low dietary copper
D - High dietary calcium
E - Low dietary protein
C - Low dietary copper
At what age do a cow’s permanent 4th incisors begin to erupt in the mandible?
A - 2 to 2.5 years
B - 5-6 years
C - 3 years
D - 3.5 to 4 years
E - 7-8 years
D - 3.5 to 4 years
Two eight-week old calves are presented down and extremely weak.
They are depressed and lying in pools of foul-smelling brown diarrhea with a small amount of blood.
Another calf died suddenly the previous night with no prior signs.
The down calves are dehydrated, with rectal temperatures of 105.2° and 105.6° F (40.7° – 40.9° C) [N=101.5°-103.5°F, N=37.8°-39.7° C], respectively.
What is the treatment plan?
A - IV fluids; NSAIDS; frequent milk feedings
B - Isolate sick calves; oral electrolytes
C - Cull sick calves; prophylactic oxytetracycline in feed for well animals
D - Immunize calves and adult cattle with MLV vaccine; probiotics for sick calves
E - Corticosteroids; amprolium in water; rumensin in feed
A - IV fluids; NSAIDS; frequent milk feedings
A high-producing dairy cow that freshened three weeks ago is off feed. On physical exam her heart and respiratory rates are within normal limits. T=101.2°F (38.4°C) [N=100.4–102.8°F (38.0–39.3°C)]
There is decreased rumen motility and a urine test for ketone bodies is positive. There is no evidence of mastitis and the uterus is clear of infection.
On the left side, a high-pitched musical “ping” is audible via stethoscope during percussion over the ribs on a line between the elbow and tuber coxae (hip).
What acid-base abnormality is most likely in this cow?
A - Metabolic alkalosis
B - Metabolic acidosis
C - Respiratory alkalosis
D - Respiratory acidosis
E - Depends on severity of displacement
A - Metabolic alkalosis
A two-day-old calf has a GGT level of 500 times the adult upper reference range.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely interpretation?
A - Associated with neonatal cholestasis
B - Related to bone development
C - Caused by traumatic placental detachment
D - Suggestive of a congenital liver shunt
E - Due to colostrum absorption
E - Due to colostrum absorption
What is the earliest stage post-breeding that an experienced practitioner can reliably rectally palpate fremitus in the uterine artery of the gravid uterine horn in a pregnant cow?
A - 60-75 days
B - 70-80 days
C - 90 -120 days
D - 120-150 days
E - 45-60 days
D - 120-150 days
A two-year-old Angus cow is presented with weakness of the hind limbs and a staggering gait.
On physical exam, the heart rate and respiratory rate are slow and irregular, and the pupils are dilated.
The cow’s breath and urine smell like the odor of mouse urine.
Suddenly the cow’s pulse becomes rapid and thready, she collapses, and dies of apparent respiratory failure.
Which one of the following plants is most likely to have caused this spectrum of clinical signs?
A - Pinus ponderosa (Western yellow pine)
B - Veratrum spp (False hellebore, Skunk cabbage)
C - Tetradymia spp (Horsebrush)
D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock)
E - Centaurea spp (Knapweed, Yellow star thistle)
D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock)
