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Chemistry > 12 The Earth's resources > Flashcards

12 The Earth's resources Flashcards

1
Q

What do we use the Earth’s resources for?

A

warmth, shelter, food, fuel, transport

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2
Q

What are some examples of natural resources?

A

cotton, wool, timber

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3
Q

What are some examples of synthetic resources?

A

plastic, polyester, acrylic

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4
Q

What is a finite resource?

A

a resource that will eventually run out

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5
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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6
Q

What are the four main types of water?

A

pure water, salt water, fresh water, potable water

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7
Q

What is potable water?

A

water that is safe to drink

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8
Q

In the UK, how is potable water extracted from fresh water?

A

filtration and sterilisation

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9
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

killing microbes

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10
Q

What are three examples of sterilising agents?

A

chlorine gas, UV light, and ozone

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11
Q

How can potable water be produced from salt water?

A

desalination

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12
Q

How can desalination be carried out?

A

distillation or reverse osmosis

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13
Q

What are the three main types of waste water?

A

sewage, agricultural waste, industrial waste

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14
Q

What can waste water contain?

A

organic matter, harmful microbes, harmful chemicals

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15
Q

What is the first step in processing waste water?

A

screening and grit removal

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16
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

separating the waste water into sludge and effluent

17
Q

How is sludge treated?

A

anaerobic respiration

18
Q

How is effluent treated?

A

aerobic respiration

19
Q

What is phytomining?

A

using plants to extract copper

20
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

using bacteria to extract copper

21
Q

What is a life cycle assessment?

A

a way of assessing the energy costs and environmental effect of a product across its lifetime

22
Q

What are the four stages of a life cycle assessment?

A

• extracting and processing raw materials
• manufacturing and packaging
• use and operation during its lifetime
• disposal at the end of its useful life

23
Q

How can we reduce the amount of new materials manufactured?

A

by reducing, reusing, or recycling products

24
Q

In what ways can materials that are not recycled be disposed?

A

landfill or incineration

Chemistry (12 decks)

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