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A&P II > Unit II A&P II test > Flashcards

Unit II A&P II test Flashcards

1
Q

trace the pathway of blood through the pulmonary system

A

R ventricle> pulmonary trunk> lungs> pulmonary veins>left atrium
(heart to lungs and back)

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2
Q

trace the pathway of blood through the systemic system

A

L ventricle> aorta> systemic arteries>tissues> systemic veins(vena cava)> R Atrium
(heart to body tissues and back)

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3
Q

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica externa

A

in connective tissue

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4
Q

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica media

A

in smooth muscle
vasoconstriction-narrow or decrease in diameter
vasodilation-widening

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5
Q

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica interna

A

in endothelium
simple squamous epithemlium

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6
Q

continuous capillaries

A

least permeable
tight junctions(histological features)

located in (BBB)blood brain barrier and skin

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7
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

moderately pereable
Histological features-Porous-absorption and filtration
endothelial cells
located in kidneys, small intestine, endocrine glands and choroid plexus of brain

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8
Q

sinusoidal capillaries(sinusoids)

A

most permeable
conform to shape of surrounding tissue
Histological features_large molecules
exchange and modification
festrated
large clefts(gaps)
located in liver, spleen and bone marrow

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9
Q

which has thicker walls
arteries or veins?

A

arteries

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10
Q

which has a larger lumen,
arteries or veins?

A

veins

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11
Q

A larger lumen provides More or Less resistance to blood flow?

A

less

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12
Q

collectively, which vessel withstands lower blood pressure?

A

veins

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13
Q

what is the purpose of valves?

A

prevent backflow

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14
Q

where are most valves located and why?

A

lower extremities

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15
Q

what is the purpose of contracting skeletal muscle near the valves?

A

push blood back to heart

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16
Q

what happens when valves don’t work properly?

A

blood goes backwards and pools-like varicose veins

17
Q

what tunica are valves in veins composed of?

A

interna

18
Q

what carries blood away from heart?

A

arteries
arteries carry blood away from heart and form smaller divisions called arterioles
arteries=big
arterioles=small

arteries=away
veins=towards heart

19
Q

arteries and veins carry what kind of blood in the pulmonary circuit?

A

arteries carry oxygen poor blood and veins carry oxygen rich blood in pulmonary circuit
pulmonary:
arteries=O2 poor
veins=O2 rich

20
Q

arteries and veins carry what kind of blood in systemic circuit?

A

arteries carry oxygen rich blood and veins carry oxygen poor blood, in systemic circuit
systemic:
arteries=O2 rich
veins=O2 poor

21
Q

what carries blood towards the heart?

A

veins carry blood towards heart.
venules join to form larger veins
veins=big
venules=small

arteries=away
veins=towards heart

22
Q

what provides exchange of nutrients, wastes, gases ?

A

capillaries
capillaries are the only vessels that interact with tissues

23
Q

what is the general pathway for blood?

A

heart>arteries>arterioles>capillaries>venules>veins>back to heart

24
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous capillary
fenestrated capillary
sinusoidal capillary

25
Q

describe capillary structure

A

-wall is just endothelium(very thin 1 layer-tunica interna)
-smallest diameter allows only 1 erythrocyte to pass at a time
pericytes (mini muscle like cells) stabilize walls and control permeability

26
Q

comparison
arteries=
arterioles=
capillaries=

A

arteries=expressways-fast
arterioles=roads medium speed
capillaries=back alleys and driveways-slow speed and pressure

27
Q

capillary beds means..

A

interwoven networks between arterioles and venules

28
Q

microcirculation is the…

A

blood flow through the capillary bed

29
Q

pathway taken depends on body needs
sphincters do what after meals
and what during exercise

A

sphincters open after a meal
sphincters close or constrict after exercise

30
Q

how are substances transported?
lipids and molecules (and gases)?
water soluble solutes like amino acids and sugars?
larger molecules like proteins?

A

–lipids and molecules are transported through simple diffusion through endothelial membranes
–water soluble pass through clefts(gaps) and fenestrations(pores)
–larger molecules like proteins are active transported in pinocytosis vesicles or caveolae

31
Q

capillary exchange
filtration involves pressure

A

filtration>hydrostatic and osmotic pressures cause fluid to leave capillaries (arterial end)

32
Q

direction and amount of pressure depend on two forces
pushing pressure and pulling pressure

A

Pushing pressure =hydrostatic pressure(HP)
Pulling pressure =osmotic pressure (OP)

33
Q

NFP (Net Filtration Pressure) is

A

NFP=outward pressure - inward pressure)
or
(HPc + OPif) - (HPif + OPc)

34
Q

hydrostatic pressure always..

A

pushes out

35
Q

osmotic pressure always …

A

pulls into

36
Q
A
37
Q
A

A&P II (6 decks)

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