West Book Chapter 1 - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Fick’s law.

A

Movement of gas is proportional to area & inversely proportional to thickness

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2
Q

What make up the conducting zone?

A

Trachea, main stem, bronchia, terminal bronchioles

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3
Q

What makes up the acinnus?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, & alveolar sacs

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4
Q

What makes up the pulmonary blood vessels?

A

Pulmonary artery, capillaries, & pulmonary vein

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5
Q

Damage to pulmonary capillaries results in what?

A

Increased resistance to blood flow & results in pulmonary HTN

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6
Q

What provides O2 to the conducting airways?

A

Bronchial circulation

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7
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A

Lowers surface tension of alveolar lining layer & increase stabilitiy of alveoli

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8
Q

How are very small inhaled particles that make it to the alveoli filtered?

A

They are engulfed by macrophages

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9
Q

What are the 3 methods for removal of inhaled particles?

A

Macrophages in alveoli, mucus in conductive zone , & nose

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10
Q

What is the volume for anatomic dead space?

A

150mL

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11
Q

What is tidal volume & the normal value?

A

The amount of air entering & leaving during normal breathing & 500mL

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12
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Total amount of air that can fit into the lungs (impossible to breath all the way out)

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13
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Full breath in & expire completely = total amount of working space/air flow

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14
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

Air left over after a normal expiration

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15
Q

What cannot be measure with a spirometer?

A

Residual volume, functional residual volume, & total lung capacity

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16
Q

What is the formula for the gas dilution technique?

A
17
Q

The gas dilution technique, measures what?

A

Ventilated lung volume

18
Q

What is the formula for the body plethysmograph?

A

(P1 & P2= mouth pressure before & after inspiratory effort), (V2= functional residual capacity).

19
Q

What measures the total volume of gas in the lung?

A

The body plethysmograph

20
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

Amount of fresh gas entering respiratory zone.

(Ex: vT= 500mL – 150mL dead space x 12bpm= 4,200mL/min

21
Q

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation?

A

VA= (VCO2 / PCO2) x K.

(K= constant), (VCO2= CO2 output), (PCO2= arterial partial pressure)

22
Q

What physiologic dead space?

A

Areas that could have participated in gas exchange

23
Q

Describe the Fowler’s method & what does it measure?

A

Breath-in 100% O2 filling dead space with 100% O2. Nitrogen from alveoli will rise & be expired & plateau. The change of nitrogen concentration is plotted against expired volume.

It measures anatomic dead space.

24
Q

What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?

A

It measures physiologic dead space.

VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2

25
Q

What is the Bohr equation & what does it measure?

A

It measures physiologic dead space.

VD / VT = (PACO2 – PECO2) / PACO2