Intro to neurology

Question 1

what is the most sensitive test of the nervous system

Answer 1

proprioception- as these are the first to get damaged- will tell you is a peripheral lesion

Question 2

Describe LMN

Answer 2

Final common pathway for voluntary motor activity
Needed for reflexes
Needed to maintain tone

Question 3

Describe UMN

Answer 3

Need for voluntary motor activity
Not needed for reflexes
Not needed to maintain tone

Question 4

what do you see with LMN damage

Answer 4

Paresis/ paralysis
Reduced tone or flaccid
Reduced or absent segmental reflexes

Question 5

what do we see with UMN damage

Answer 5

Paresis/ paralysis
Retained or increased tone
Retained or increased segmental reflexes

Question 6

what do we see with forebrain lesions

Answer 6

altered mental state
central blindness deafness
inattention
abnormal postural reactions
seizures
abnormal movements/ postures (head pressing/ head yaw)

Question 7

What do we see cerebellum lesions

Answer 7

ataxia
wide based stance
dysmetria
intention tremor
extensor hypertonus

Question 8

what do we see with peripheral vestibular lesions

Answer 8

head tilt
asymmetric ataxia
nystagmus
Horner’s syndrome
facial paralysis

Question 9

what do we see with midbrain lesions

Answer 9

UMN signs in all 4 limbs
mental depression
ipsilateral oculomotor signs

Question 10

What do we see with diencephalon lesions

Answer 10

UMN signs in all 4 limbs
medial depression
optic nerve deficits
endocrine/autonomic deficits
inappetance

Question 11

what do we see with brainstem lesions

Answer 11

UMN signs in all 4 legs
Postural reaction deficits
CN 4-12 deficits
altered mental state

Question 12

which CN does smell

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Which CN does vision

Answer 13

2

Question 14

Which CN does eye movement

Answer 14

3, 4 and 5

Question 15

Which CN do facial sensation and jaw movement

Answer 15

5

Question 16

which CN do facial expression

Answer 16

7

Question 17

which CN do hearing and balance

Answer 17

8

Question 18

Which CN do swallowing and peripheral nervous system

Answer 18

9,10,11

Question 19

which CN do tongue movement

Answer 19

12

Question 20

what does a head tilt indicate

Answer 20

vestibular lesion or vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)

Question 21

What is the most important part of neuro exam

Answer 21

lesion localisation

Question 22

if we have UMN in forelimbs and hindlimbs, where may the lesion be

Answer 22

cranial
C1-C5

Question 23

if we have LMN in the forelimbs and UMN in the hindlimbs, where may the lesion be

Answer 23

C6-T2

Question 24

if we have normal forelimbs and UMN hindlimbs, where may the lesion be

Answer 24

T3-L3

Question 25

if we have normal forelimbs and LMN hindlimbs, where may the lesion be

Answer 25

L4-S3

Question 26

which cranial nerves are testing with the menace response

Answer 26

2 and 7

Question 27

what cranial nerves are tested by the PLR

Answer 27

2 and 3

Question 28

what cranial nerves are tested in the palpebral and corneal reflex

Answer 28

5 and 7

Question 29

what cranial nerves can be affected if nystagmus is present

Answer 29

3, 4, 6 or 8

Question 30

what is the glial cells

Answer 30

supportive cells of the nervous system

Question 31

can neurones become inflamed or proliferate

Answer 31

No