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DENTAL NURSE > Unit 304- anatomy > Flashcards

Unit 304- anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

name the tooth structures

A

-alveolar bone
-lamina dura
-periodontal ligament
-cementum
-dentin
-pulp chamber
-nerves and blood supply

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2
Q

what crystals and how much is in enamel

A

96% and calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

what is primary and secondary dentin

A

primary- forms before tooth eruption
secondary- forms after tooth eruption

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4
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintaining body temp

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5
Q

heart valves in order from the right atrium

A

1- tricuspid
2- pulmonary
3- mitral
4- aortic

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6
Q

what is heartbeat called

A

sinoatrial node/pacemaker

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7
Q

function of capillaries

A

one cell thick to release oxygen to tissues

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8
Q

what is internal respiration terms of co2

A

co2 passes into capillaries as waste product

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9
Q

what is external respiration

A

co2 released into lungs to be breathed out

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10
Q

when is pressure of blood high and low

A

high=systole
low=diastole

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11
Q

what device to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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12
Q

artery and vein adaptions

A

artery- elastic
vein- valves to prevent back flow

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13
Q

when is haemoglobin picked up by red blood cells erythrocytes

A

external respiration and then released to tissues in internal

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14
Q

where are leucocytes made

A

bone marrow and lymph nodes

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15
Q

what is plasma function

A

fluid that carries blood cells like red, white, hormones, forms plasma proteins globulins, transports waste products to kidney

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16
Q

what is expiration

A

respiratory of waste product co2 from body

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16
Q

how much co2 in expired air

A

4%

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17
Q

how much o2 in expired air

A

16%

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18
Q

how much o2 breathed in

A

21%

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19
Q

inspiring and expiring explained muscles etc

A

in
-contract muscles
-high volume
-curved diaphragm
-low atmospheric pressure

out
-relax muscles
-low volume
-flat diaphragm
-high atmospheric pressure

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20
Q

what is cilia

A

micro hair like projections trap dust and dirt

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21
Q

what is peristalsis

A

pushing food down the throat muscular action

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22
Q

how does stomach acid get neutralised and where

A

bile made in the liver and used in gall bladder

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23
Q

what is function of the liver

A

-stores and makes bile
-detoxifies alcohol
-stores vitamins
-stores carbohydrates

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23
Q

what are 2 peripheral nerves

A

sensory
-pain, temp, taste, touch, smell
motor
-somatic (musculoskeletal), autonomic impulses to organs, enteric impulses to gastro movement

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24
Q

whats function of the pancreas

A

-passing enzymes to small intestine
-release insulin and glucagon

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25
Q

what 2 elements in the neurone

A

potassium inside and sodium on the outside

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26
Q

what are the 2 layers called that cover brain and spinal cord

A

meninges
CSF- acts as a shock absorber

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27
Q

what are the 4 lobes

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

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28
Q

what is cerebellum for and where

A

balance and posture
back of brain

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28
Q

medulla oblongata (3) and where

A

heart rate, respiration, stress
middle region

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29
Q

what is the foramen magnum and where

A

nerve tissue opening that passes to the spine and pelvis
base of medulla oblongata

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30
Q

name 4/12 dental cranial nerves

A

5-trigeminal
7-facial
9-glossopharyngeal
12-hypoglossal

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31
Q

name all 12 cranial nerves

A

1-olfactory- smell
2-optic- sight
3-oculomotor- eye muscle
4-trochlear- eye muscle
5-trigeminal- oral soft tissues and muscles of mastification
6-abducens- external eye muscles
7-facial- tongue, facial expressions, salivary glands
8-auditory- hearing
9-glossopharyngeal- taste, tongue, salivary glands, swallowing
10-vagus- abdominal
11- accessory- neck and larynx
12-hypoglossal- tongue muscles

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32
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
madibular

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33
Q

name 3 maxillary superior dental nerves and where

A

anterior- upper incisor
middle- premolar to half first molar
posterior- half first molar to third

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34
Q

where does the greater palatine and nasopalatine supply sensation

A

GP-upper molar to half canine
NP-half canine to incisor

35
Q

where does the maxillary nerve leave foramen the skull at and where to option 1

A

foramen rotundum
orbit (eye socket)
posterior and palatine branches

36
Q

what foramen does the maxillary nerve leave through the orbit and supplies where

A

infraorbital foramen
middle, anterior, eyelid, upper lip

37
Q

where does the NP pass through foramern in nasal cavityand supply to

A

incisive foramen
anterior, middle

38
Q

where does mandibular lower nerve emerge through foramen from the skull

A

ovale foramen

39
Q

where does inferior dental nerve supply

A

-all lower teeth just not buccal of molar teeth
-lower lip

40
Q

where does lingual nerve supply

A

-lingual of lower teeth
-floor of mouth

41
Q

where does long buccal nerve supply

A

buccal of lower molar

42
Q

where does mental nerve supply and go through

A

lower lip, buccal mucosa
mental foramen

43
Q

when mandibular passes what side of ramus and between what

A

inner side of ramus
between medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

44
Q

where does the inferior dental nerve enter through what is is guarded by

A

mandibular foramen
lingula

45
Q

how many bones in maxilla and mandibular

A

2
2

46
Q

how many face bones

A

6 +2 unpaired

47
Q

trachea stopped from collapsing by its

A

cartilage rings

48
Q

what nerve also passes through incisive foramen other name

A

long sphenopalatine nerve

49
Q

what duct that passes into upper second molar buccal sulcus

A

stenson

50
Q

what is the artery that provides to the head and neck

A

common cartoid artery

51
Q

what foramen is found in occiptal bone and exits brain to spine

A

magnum

51
Q

name all 6 cranium bones

A

1- frontal- eyes forehead
2- parietal- sides
3- temporal- lower sides
4- occipital- back
5- sphenoid- base
6- ethmoid- nose

52
Q

what does the base of the cranium articulate with

A

topmost bone of vertebral the atlas allowing nodding

53
Q

outer and inner layer of bones

A

outer- compact bone with foramina (openings for nerve and blood vessels)
inner- cancellous bone (spongey light structure)

54
Q

2 ways blood vessels (head and neck) pass through

A
  • foramina
  • fissures (natural spaces)
55
Q

what bone is behind the nasal cavity

A

vomer

56
Q

what bone inner wall of eye sockets

A

lacrimal

57
Q

what bone is curled in the nasal cavity and increase contact of inspired air

A

nasal turbinates

58
Q

name for sinus

A

maxillary antrum

59
Q

what foramen supplies back of palate

A

greater and lesser palatine

59
Q

what foramen supplies upper teeth

A

infraorbital

60
Q

what is the muscle that attaches to the floor of the mouth

A

mylohyoid ridge

61
Q

where does TMJ connect with temporal bone

A

head of condyle

62
Q

what is the dip called between coronoid process and condyle

A

sigmoid notch

63
Q

when mouth is shut where does condyle rest

A

glenoid fossa

64
Q

what disc prevents the TMJ from bone rubbing grating against eachother

A

meniscus

65
Q

movemenets of gliding, rotational, lateral

A

g- forward and back
r- up and down
l- side to side

66
Q

when the mouth is open what happens with condyle

A

slides down the glenoid fossa and articular eminece

67
Q

what happens when you cannot close mouth

A

condyle slips too far of the articular eminence

68
Q

what is trismus

A

muscle spasms cant open mouth fully

69
Q

what is crepitus

A

popping of air bubbles in the jaw

70
Q

what is the insertion of temporalis

A

coronoid process

71
Q

4 muscles of mastication and explained and insertion

A

1- temporalis back and closed (coronoid)
2- masseter closes (outer ramus)
3- lateral forward to bite tip to tip (condyle)
4- medial closes (inner ramus)

72
Q

what are suprahyoid muscles for

A

mouth open and swallowing

73
Q

suprahyoid 3 muscles explained and insertion

A

1- anterior digastric open mouth (mental symphysis)
2- mylohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone)
3- geniohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone)

74
Q

muscle that protracts and closes lip

A

orbicularis oris

75
Q

whats the cheek muscle

A

buccinator

76
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia

A

effects sensory nerves causes muscle spasms, pain, facial trigger

77
Q

what do external and internal carotid artery supply

A

external- face and oral
internal- brain and eyes

78
Q

what is external and internal jugular veins

A

external- drain extra cranial tissues
internal- drain of brain head neck tissues

79
Q

elbow joint pulse

A

brachial pulse

80
Q

relases iron and produce haemologin is by the

A

stomach

81
Q

two nerves that supply taste to the brain

A

facial and glossopharyngeal

82
Q

where does inferioir dental nerve leave

A

mental foramen

83
Q

which muscle runs in throat to the inner surafec of mental symphysis

A

anterior digastric

84
Q

which crainal nerve allows speech and breaddown of food to the pharynx

A

hypoglossal

85
Q

where does carotid artieries branch from

A

aorta

86
Q

jugular veins drain into

A

superior vena cava

87
Q

which crainum nerve support supra and muscles of mastification

A

trigeminal

DENTAL NURSE (12 decks)

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