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Computer Science > 1.1 Processors extra > Flashcards

1.1 Processors extra Flashcards

1
Q

Where does control bus transmit control signals between

A

Control unit and other parts of the processor

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2
Q

Explain the need for the PC

A

stores address of next instruction, value sent to MAR and then PC increments to next value

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3
Q

Is there such thing as an interrupt register

A

Yes

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4
Q

What does all data to be saved use?

A

The accumulator

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5
Q

What does the CIR do with the address and data

A

Sends data to MDR and address to MAR where they act as a buffer

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6
Q

Role of control unit

A

Decodes instructions and sends signals to coordinate movement of data through the processor

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7
Q

How is address bus used

A

Transfers memory location to allow the data to be accessed

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8
Q

How does fast clock speed improve performance

A

Allows for more FDE cycles per second therefore more instructions can be executed per second therefore the program takes less time to run

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9
Q

How does large cache size improve performance

A

More space for data/instructions in cache therefore RAM accessed less and cache is quicker to access than RAM

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10
Q

How would updating an OS increase performance

A

OS release updates which improve performance

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11
Q

What affect would a lighter weight OS have on performance

A

Use fewer resources

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12
Q

Why would defragging disk improve performance

A

As data would be stored contiguously and would be quicker to access as physical head would be able to read the data in one location

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13
Q

Malware and spyware on performance

A

Decreases performance

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14
Q

More RAM on performance

A

Less need for slower virtual memory

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15
Q

Why would GPU speed up rendering?

A

As GPU has specialist instructions and can apply same instructions and can apply same instructions to multiple pieces of data at same time

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16
Q

Remember to talk about what on an LOR suggesting something

A

Cost

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17
Q

Describe one issue BRP causes for a CPU using pipelining

A

BRP could be followed by 2 instructions which will only be determined at execution so wrong one may be fetched/decoding

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18
Q

Explain another advantage other than cost of RISC compared with CISC

A

Programs run faster due to simpler instructions

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19
Q

Why is CISC more expensive?

A

Integrated circuit(expensive)
complex processor(expensive)

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20
Q

What is more available with CISC?

A

Many addressing modes and instructions are available

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21
Q

What is limited RISC?

A

Number of instructions

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22
Q

How are complex tasks completed with RISC

A

Multiple instructions are combined

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23
Q

Another example of RISC

A

Programs run faster due to simpler instructions

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24
Q

Explain the effect of using a co-processor for complex calculations for scientific research

A

Calculations done by maths co-processor so processing is faster when using floating point arithmetic

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25
Q

Explain the effect of using a co-processor for an advertising campaign

A

No increase in speed as no calculations

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26
Q

Three other features of von neuman

A

One control unit
One instruction at a time
Program and data stored together?

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27
Q

What is one of the main differences between RISC and CISC

A

RISC uses fixed number of bytes whereas CISC uses variable number of bytes

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28
Q

What happens in execute phase

A

Opcode carried out on operand

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29
Q

What is RAM apart of

A

Primary memory

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30
Q

Why is a GPU more suited for 3D rendering than a CPU

A

CPU’s are general purpose whereas GPU’s are designed for graphics so will have built in instructions for common graphics operations

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31
Q

How does multiple cores speed up processed

A

Speed up smaller problems but will not be enough for larger problems

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32
Q

When are GPU’s useful

A

On highly parallelisable problems but only where the same instruction is being applied to multiple pieces of data

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33
Q

What is it called when the same instruction is being applied to multiple pieces of data

A

SIMD

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34
Q

How can multiple computers work together

A

Distribute workload across computers

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35
Q

Why is increasing clock speed limited

A

Limited to smaller problems, most problems are only partially parallelisable

36
Q

Use for hard drive

A

To store files and software

37
Q

Use of removable hard drive

A

To store archive of files

38
Q

Use of CDROM/DVDROM reader

A

For the importation of software

39
Q

Use of Memory stick/SSD

A

To allow transport of materials between office and home

40
Q

Use of optical disk

A

To store back-up of files/software

41
Q

Use of cloud storage

A

To make files available to others in the dept, from anywhere on any device whilst also providing a backup

42
Q

Do SSD’s have a lower or higher power consumption that hard drives

A

Lower due to no moving parts

43
Q

Hard drives and sound

A

Can be noisy due to fast moving parts which can be undesirable

44
Q

SSD and sound

A

Silent

45
Q

Advantages of ROM

A

Quick to start up so the system can be started up quickly and ROM cannot be altered so no chance of OS being maliciously changed on what is a safety critical system

46
Q

State one item that needs to be stored in RAM and give a reason why RAM is used

A

User files/software as user must be able to alter contents of file. RAM offers direct access and operates at faster speeds than secondary devices

47
Q

What can damage hard drive when movement occurs

A

Head coming into contact with platter

48
Q

Which takes up more physical space, hard drive or flash memory

A

Hard drive due to moving parts where as flash has no moving parts

49
Q

What is the stored program concept

A

A program must be resident in main memory to be executed and the the instructions are fetched from memory one at a time

50
Q

Other examples of where Harvard architecture is used (sound/speech)

A

audio and speech signal processing

51
Q

Example of how in Harvard architecture, memories can have different characteristics

A

In embedded systems, instructions held in read only memory whereas data requires read write memory

52
Q

Example of how in Harvard architecture, memories can have different sizes

A

Some systems have more instruction memory than data memory so larger word size used for instructions therefore instruction address bus will be wider

53
Q

Where is Von Neumann architectures used

A

Conventional processors in PCs and servers

54
Q

What type of embedded systems is Von Neumann used in

A

Embedded systems with only control functions

55
Q

Where is Harvard architecture used

A

Digital signal processing, mobile communication and embedded systems

56
Q

What is the processor hardware capable of doing in CISC

A

Understanding and executing the series of sub-tasks that make up a single instruction

57
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of a CISC instruction

A

Combines a load/store instruction with the instruction that carries out the actual calculation

58
Q

Advantage of CISC in relation to the compiler

A

Compiler has little work to do to translate into machine code because the code is short therefore little RAM required too

59
Q

Disadvantage of CISC in link to specialised instructions

A

Many had to be built into the hardware even though only about 20% of them were used in the average program

60
Q

What is a co-processor used for

A

Floating point arithmetic, graphics processing

61
Q

What is the improvement in performance gained using a multi core processer dependant on

A

The software being able to take advantage of parallel processing capabilities

62
Q

Jump instruction

A

used to alter the normal sequence of program execution by unconditionally transferring control to a specific memory address

63
Q

What is threading

A

Threading is usually referred to having multiple processes working at the same time on a single CPU (well actually not you think they do but they switch very fast between them)

64
Q

What is parellelism

A

Parallelism is having multiple processes working at the same time on multiple CPU’s.

65
Q

What are pages

A

is a fixed-length contiguous block of virtual memory, described by a single entry in a page table

66
Q

What does the line MULT A, B do in LMC?

A

Multiplies A and B and stores the result back into A.

67
Q

How is a CISC instruction stored?

A

A CISC instruction combines a “load/store” instruction with the instruction that carries out the actual calculation

68
Q

CISC and complexity of processor circuit

A

More - circuitry only has to deal with complex instructions

69
Q

CISC number of clock cycles per instructions?

A

One instruction takes multiple cycles.

70
Q

RISC number of clock cycles per instructions?

A

One instruction takes one cycle (ideally) so pipelining is possible

71
Q

CISC Complexity of CPU instructions?

A

More complex instructions like multiply lots of instructions don’t get used.

72
Q

RISC Complexity of CPU instructions?

A

Simple instructions like load, store instructions are often used.

73
Q

RISC and complexity of processor circuit

A

Less - circuitry only has to deal with simple instructions

74
Q

Power consumption (relative to each other) CISC

A

Higher due to complex circuitry and high clock speeds

75
Q

Power consumption RISC

A

Lower due to simpler circuitry and lower clock speeds

76
Q

Cost (relative to each other) CISC

A

More (complex circuitry is more expensive to design and make)

77
Q

CISC complexity of source code for equivalent programs?

A

Less complex (code for a factorial function will be much simpler in Java than LMC)

78
Q

Number of addressing modes (relative to each other)
CISC

A

More

79
Q

Number of addressing modes (relative to each other)
RISC

A

Fewer

80
Q

Uses of CISC

A

Laptops. desktops

81
Q

Mobile phones

A

Smartphones tablets

82
Q

RISC complexity of source code for equivalent programs?

A

More complex (code for a factorial function will be much simpler in Java than LMC)

83
Q

CISC size of code for equivalent programs?

A

Smaller (think how much shorter a factorial program would be in Java v LMC)

84
Q

RISC size of code for equivalent programs?

A

Larger (think how much longer a factorial program would be in assembly v LMC)

85
Q

CISC RAM required when loading equivalent programs?

A

Less (program will be shorter therefore need less RAM)

86
Q

RISC RAM required when loading equivalent programs?

A

More (program will be longer therefore need more RAM)

Computer Science (32 decks)

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