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PSYCH 220 - Developmental > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ultrasound

A
  • looking for general size, size of brain heart chambers
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2
Q

Invasive

A

putting an instrument/needle into uterine lining

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3
Q

CVS

A
  • happen regularly, 10-13 weeks, usually when you have a high risk pregnancy, can be done earlier than Amnio
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4
Q

Amniocentesis

A
  • happen regularly, someone has triple screen, shows risk take amniotic fluid and culture them
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5
Q

Fetascopy

A
  • go in with tiny camera on a tube into the cervix
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6
Q

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

A
  • someone is giving a hyperovulation drug, 8-10 eggs dropped, then they take eggs and add sperm, they take one cell off of embryo, often looking for a specific genetic condition, that runs in the family
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7
Q

Traditional Midwife

A
  • low risk, home birth, women centered, low rate of intervention, some states legal, trained by other midwives
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8
Q

Certified Nurse Midwife

A

-registered nurses, women/person centered, low risk, birthing center/hospital, low rate of intervention, trained to identify mid/high risk and send elsewhere

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9
Q

OBGYN

A
  • any risk level, hospital,high rate of intervention
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10
Q

Family Practitioner

A
  • low/moderate risk, hospital, parent and baby being treated as one, old school can treat the family as whole
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11
Q

OBGYN Litigation

A
  • if any thing goes wrong hospital, doctors can get sued at an alarming rate, doctors tended to intervene, because if they don’ t interven and something goes wrong, it can be used against them, also OBGYN are surgically trained so might as well use skills
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12
Q

Doula

A
  • a trained professional who provides continuous, physical, emotional and informational support to their client before, during and shortly after childbirth to help them achieve the healthiest, most satisfying experience possible
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13
Q

Birth Doula

A
  • take care of birthing person
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14
Q

Postpartum Doula

A
  • take care of postpartum mom, baby and other kids
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15
Q

Death Doula

A

go with dying doulas, help assist people with transition from life to death

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16
Q

issues surrounding birth

A
  • safety
  • birth should be in a hospital with OB/drugs
  • when birthing in a hospital, more vulnerable to saying yes
  • control
  • loose control when in a hospital setting
  • intervention, drugs, surgical intervention, episotomy, c section
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17
Q

Drugs

A
  • narcotics, things to relax, blocks = epidural, numbs from waist down, every single drug could case a potential problem,
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18
Q

Midwife Model of Care

A
  • the midwives model of care is based on the fact that pregnanyc and birth are normal life events
  • monitoring the physical, psychological and social well being, throughout childbearing cycle
  • providing the person with individualized education, counseling
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19
Q

Germinal Period

A
  • conception - week 2
  • fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube, sperm swim throught uterus and fallopian tube
  • hostile process
  • all along this sperm are dying
  • one sperm fertilizes the eg
  • cell divides and divides
  • Day 5 - hallow ball of cells form = Blastocyst
    Day 9 = attaches to uterine wall, inner cell mass detaches and forms embryonic disc
    Day 15 - missed period possibly, but most people only have slight change
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20
Q

Embryonic Disk components

A
  • Ectoderm = skin, hair, nails, and nervous system
    Endoderm - gut and organs
    Mesoderm - muscles, heart and bloos
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21
Q

Placenta

A

provides:
- nutrients, oxygen, antibodies
Takes away:
= waste products, screens many but not all harmful agents

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22
Q

What to do with Placenta?

A

buried it, plant a tree
- humans have started to eat placentas
- send placenta to a company, freeze dried placenta, supposedly cure all

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23
Q

Embryonic Period

A
  • this period people often don’t know they are pregnant, avg. menstrual cycle
  • 23 days
  • some people skip periods if someone conceived an unplanned pregnancy, might unknowingly be engaging in teratogens
  • week 2-8
  • sensitive period
  • most serious teratogenic effects develop here
  • central nervous system
  • heart, limbs, digestive tracts
24
Q

Rubella

A

german measles, a thing we vaccinate against, won’t vie you a vaccine while pregnant, severe flu for week, embryo will have vision problems, brain problems, resulting in cognitive deficits, still birth

25
Q

Herpes

A

sores around the mouth/genitals, if in genital region, could get in mucus membrane, can be deadly, must have c section

26
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

= cats carry a lot of toxoplasmosis, can get it from direct contact with cat feces, if you’ve been around cats all your life, probably exposed, also in rare/raw meat, must have thoroughly cooked, damage CNS< resulting in cognitive deficits, hydrocephalus

27
Q

DES

A

drug prescribed to prevent spontaneous abortion did not work, babies born fine, then in adolescence girls cervical cancer, found that all mother took DES, cancer went undetected until late, a lot also had cervical abnormalities, led to fertility issues, male bodies had higher infertility, testicular cancer

28
Q

Thalidomide

A

prescribed around the world, 50s - 60s, nausea during pregnancy, Franis wouldn’t let it be prescribed in the U.S, babies were born without arms and legs, didn’t do this on animals

29
Q

Aspirin

A

embryo developing heart defects, hemorrhaging as mother gives birth

30
Q

Caffeine

A

not a lot of data shows problems for humans, but animal work, some in human arousal = lack of sleep, baby cannot break it down like humans can

31
Q

Cocaine

A

uterine contractions, short gestation, low birth weight, termination, people who do coke tend to do other drugs, multi drug effects

32
Q

Alcohol

A

fetal alc syndrome = binge drinking, alcohol spectrum problems, with learning, memory, CNS, eye spaced far, head smaller, lower doses causes some effects, kids with lower dose not identified, less remediation

33
Q

Marijuana

A

O2 deprivation, results in lower birth rate, shorter gestation

34
Q

Heroin

A

born addicted to heroin, painful withdrawal, which they have to medicate baby through

35
Q

Smoking

A

cigarettes are damaging to placenta, you can see damage, doesn’t support pregnancy as well, higher rate of SIDS, leukemia, not a ton of work on vapes,

36
Q

Cleft Palate

A

can happen due to unknown reasons, teratogenic effects, babies must undergo surgery which is scary

37
Q

Fetal Period

A

week 8 to birth, period of growth and maturation, quickening = when you feel baby moving, 16 weeks, 20/24 weeks big enough to kick and poke, physiologically makes things very real, 24 weeks = viability,if born baby could survive, immature lungs, term = 40 wks from last period

38
Q

Birth - Stage One (14-16 hours)

A

dilation and effacement (thinning of the cervix), transition (10 cm to fully dilated), contraction irregularly move closer to stage 2, more regular

39
Q

Stage 2 (1 hour)

A

cervix fully dilated, very strong, 2 minutes apart, pushing, birth

40
Q

Stage 3 (15- 30 minutes)

A
  • delivery of the placenta
41
Q

C section

A

rates are at an all time high, certain progress on clock, when doesn’t happen C section occurs

42
Q

C section complications

A

infection, hemorrhage, embolism, anesthesia, injuries to other organs, rupture, future difficulty, long term - adhesion, scarring, obstructed bowels, placenta, accreta, placenta previa

43
Q

Advantages of Human Lactation

A
  • idea in the social media, post that milk react with saliva backwash of baby
  • human bodies are bioengineering breastmilk
  • best nutritionally, whey long chains of fatty acids, PUFA encourages neural growth
  • IQ differences favor breastfed exclusively at least 6 months
44
Q

Advantages of breastfeeding for babies

A
  • fewer gastrointestinal infections
  • fewer respiratory infections
  • fewer doctors visits
  • fewer allergies
  • lower incidence of obesity
  • lower cholesterol
  • lower incidence of child obesity
45
Q

Advantages of breastfeeding for women

A
  • reduces chance of hemorrhage right after birth
  • lower incidence of breast cancer (suppresses ovulation)
  • cheaper
  • ecological (formula needs to be transported)
  • convenient
  • promotes boding
46
Q

La Leche League

A
  • international group of women
  • often people learn about this from moms
  • broken chain
    -group that helps people learn how to nurse, edu meetings
  • support meetings
  • not wired into our brains on how to do this
  • must position baby correctly over the nipple
47
Q

research on breastfeeding

A
  • exclusive breastfeeding (2010)
  • method
  • 716 mothers and infants in the netherlands
    Results = exclusive breastfeeding to 4 months and partial to 6 reduced the risk of illness
  • stopping prior to 6 months did not
48
Q

Breastfeeding and Cognition

A
  • what is going on here
  • Gustafasson
  • method = longitudinal sampling of colostrum, and then breastfeeding at 1 month, 3 months,
  • 3 factors, gestational age, PUFA, and length of breastfeeding impacted IQ
49
Q

Lactation issues in the U.S

A
  • sexualization of breasts
  • study found that men all believed breasts purpose was them
  • breastfeeding in public (uncomfy)
  • convienent only if baby and parent are together
  • breastfeeding and working outside of the home
  • sleeping issues = babies digest breastmilk quickly, get more full and wake up less with formula
50
Q

Cosleeping

A
  • adult beds highly unsafe unlike cribs
  • sleeping in bed facilitates breastfeeding
51
Q

Advantages of cosleeping

A
  • SIDS protection
  • antibodies
  • babies sleep lightly
  • way they are positioned
  • parent is aware of them, baby and parent get synchronized in breathing
  • moms who were coseeping, underestimated number of time they week up
  • in early infancy babies sleep better
  • sleep lighter
52
Q

Disadvantage of Cosleeping

A
  • may disrupt parents sleep
  • may mess up sex life
  • hard to get them out
  • sleep lighter (parents)
53
Q

Babies sleeping alone Advantages

A
  • parents may sleep better
  • learn to go to sleep alone
  • sleep more deeply (wake less frequently)
54
Q

babies sleeping alone disadvantages

A
  • SIDS risk is higher
  • harder to breastfeed
  • sleep more deeply
55
Q

Is it safe to sleep with baby?

A
  • you develop a sense that baby is in bed
  • no drugs or alchohol for the parents
  • sleep on hard surface (no waterbeds)
  • no soft bedding
  • no spaces where a baby could get stuck (between frame and mattress in couch cushion)

PSYCH 220 - Developmental (10 decks)

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