Chromosome

Question 1

_______are structures within livin g cells that contain the g enetic material._____ are physically located within chromosomes

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Genes

Question 2

each chromosome contains a very long segment of____, which is the g enetic material, and p roteins, which are bound to the DNA and p rovide it with an or g anized structure.

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

In eukar y otic cells, this com p lex between DNA and p roteins is called_____

Answer 3

chromatin

Question 4

Bacteria and archaea are referred to as______, from the Greek meanin g “______,” because their chromosomes are not contained within a membranebound nucleus of the cell.

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

prenucleus

Question 5

usually have a single type of circular chromosome in a re g ion of the cytoplasm called the_____

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

nucleoid

Question 6

, from the Greek meanin g “______,” include some sim p le s p ecies, such as sin g le-celled p rotists and some fun g i ( such as y east ) , and more com p lex multicellular s p ecies, such as p lants, animals, and other fun g i.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

true nucleus

Question 7

In addition to the nucleus, certain or g anelles in eukar y otic cells contain a small amount of their own DNA. These include the________, which p la y s a role in ATP s y nthesis,

Answer 7

mitochondrion

Question 8

is the field of g enetics that involves the microsco p ic examination of chromosomes.

chromosomal com p osition of a p articular cell.

Answer 8

Cytogenetics

Question 9

For eukar y otic s p ecies, this is usuall y accom p lished b y observin g the______ as the y are found in activel y dividin g cells.

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

When a cell is p re p arin g to divide, the chromosomes become more ti g htl y coiled, which shortens them, thereb y increasin g their diameter. The conse q uence of this shortenin g is that distinctive sha p es and numbers of chromosomes become____ with a li g ht microsco p e.

Answer 10

visible

Question 11

An or g anized re p resentation of the chromosomes within a cell is called a _______

It reveals how man y chromosomes are found within an activel y dividin g somatic cell.

Answer 11

Karyotype

Question 12

e do g has ____ chromosomes p er set ( 78 total ) , the fruit fl y has___ chromosomes p er set ( 8 total ) , and the tomato has___ p er set ( 24 total )

Answer 12

39

4

12

Question 13

When a s p ecies is di p loid, the members of a p air of chromosomes are called________ ; each t yp e of chromosome is found in a ________

Answer 13

Homologs

Homologous pair

Question 14

the two homologs may carry different versions of a g iven g ene, which are called______.

Answer 14

alleles

Question 15

T or F

The X and Y chromosomes are not considered homolo g ous chromosomes, thou g h the y do have short re g ions of homolo gy .

Answer 15

TRUE

They are not homologs

Question 16

An individual carr y in g these two homologous chromosomes is______ for the dominant allele of g ene A, which means that both homolo g s carr y the same allele.

Answer 16

homozygous

Question 17

The individual is______, Bb, for the second g ene, meanin g that the homolo g s carr y different alleles.

Answer 17

Heterozygous

Question 18

The p h y sical location of a g ene is called its

Answer 18

locus (p lural: loci ) .

Question 19

are structures that contain the enetic material, which is DNA.

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

______ cells are sim p le and lack cell com p artmentalization, whereas ______cells contain a cell nucleus and other comp artments ( see Fi g ure 2.1 ) .

Answer 20

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Question 21

One purpose of cell division is __________. In this p rocess, a preexistin g cell divides to p roduce two new cells.

By convention, the ori g inal cell is usuall y called the mother cell, and the two new cells are the dau g hter cells.

When species are unicellular, the mother cell is j ud g ed to be one individual, and the two dau g hter cells are two new se p arate or g anisms.

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction

Question 22

_________is how bacterial cells p roliferate. In addition, certain unicellular eukar y otes, such as the amoeba and baker’s y east ( Saccharom y ces cerevisiae ) , can reproduce______

Answer 22

Asexual reproduction

Question 23

Another p ur p ose of cell division is_______ . S p ecies such as p lants, animals, most fun g i, and some p rotists are derived from a sin g le cell that has under g one re p eated cell divisions.

Answer 23

multicellularity

Question 24

bacteria re p roduce b y a p rocess called

Answer 24

binary fission.

Question 25

Prior to division, the chromosome re p licates to p roduce two identical co p ies. These two co p ies se g re g ate from each other, with one co py g oin g to each dau g hter cell.

Answer 25

Binary fission

Question 26

Binar y fission is an______ form of re p roduction because it does not involve g enetic contributions from two different g ametes. On occasion, bacteria can exchan g e small p ieces of g enetic material with each other.

Answer 26

asexual

Question 27

The DNA found in these or g anelles is referred to as__________, DNA to distin g uish it from the DNA that is found in the cell nucleus.

Answer 27

extranuclear, or extrachromosomal

Question 28

the strikin g similarities between homolo g ous chromosomes do not a pp l y to the p air of_____ chromosomes. These chromosomes differ in size and g enetic com p osition.

Answer 28

sex chromosomes XY

Question 29

. A p rotein called_____ assembles into a rin g at the future site of the se p tum. _____ is thou g ht to be the first p rotein to move to this division site

Answer 29

FtsZ

Question 30

is the main com p onent of microtubules, which p la y a ke y role in chromosome sortin g in eukar y otes.

Answer 30

tubulin

Question 31

Both _________form structures that p rovide cells with or g anization and p la y ke y roles in cell division.

Answer 31

FtsZ and tubulin

Question 32

are structures that contain the g enetic material, which is DNA.

Answer 32

Chromosomes

Question 33

are simple and lack cell com p artmentalization, whereas

Answer 33

Prokaryotic cells

Question 34

contain a cell nucleus and other comp artments

Answer 34

eukaryotic cells

Question 35

Chromosomes can be examined under the microsco p e. An or g anized re p resentation of the chromosomes from a sin g le cell is called a

Answer 35

Karyotype

Question 36

In______, the chromosomes are found in sets.

Answer 36

In eukaryotic species

Question 37

Eukaryotic cells are often diploid, which means that each t yp e of chromosome occurs in a____\

Answer 37

homologous pair

Question 38

Bacteria divide b y

Answer 38

binary fission

Question 39

To divide, eukar y otic cells advance through

Answer 39

cell cycle

Question 40

Prior to cell division, eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated to
form

Answer 40

sister chromatids